Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Herbs in Cancer Therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Annum Malik, Shahzadi Sidra Saleem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Learn-Han Lee, Bey Hing Goh, Tahir Mehmood Khan
Medicinal herbs and their phyto-derivatives are increasingly gaining popularity in terms of their utility in anticancer therapy. When used with the conventional treatment, these herbs showed immense improvement in survival, modulation of immune system, and quality of life of patients suffering from cancer, in different clinical studies (Yin et al. 2013). Different herbs show specificity for different types of cancers. For example, 200 mg of Vitamin A, fenretinide, lowers the chances of recurrence of breast cancer in women (Gerber et al. 2006). Lycopene lowers the risk of prostate cancer in humans (Giovannucci et al. 2002), whereas Prunus armeniaca, from the Rosaceae family, fights against lung cancer (Bröker and Giaccone 2002). Curcumin is known to inhibit the progression of liver fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis (Luk et al. 2007). New technologies are now being developed that can formulate these herbs as nanoparticles in the nanomedicine. This advancement in nanotechnology can not only control the release of the drug but also improve the efficacy of the plant-based product, as well as investigate new ways of administration (Greenwell et al. 2015).
Teratogenicity and Registry Programs
Published in Ayse Serap Karadag, Berna Aksoy, Lawrence Charles Parish, Retinoids in Dermatology, 2019
Reese L. Imhof, Megha M. Tollefson
Fenretinide, another first-generation retinoid, is also considered to have teratogenic potential, although evidence is limited (37,40,41). There have been no reports of teratogenicity in humans consequent to fetal exposure of alitretinoin (9-cis retinoic acid) (42); however, it is still considered teratogenic and a study of pregnant mice found that it was approximately half as potent a teratogen as tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid) (43).
Micronutrients in Improvement of the Standard Therapy in Cancer
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
Vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) or synthetic beta-carotene at therapeutic doses which were 10-fold higher than the RDA for these micronutrients, in combination with cyclophosphamide, increased the cure rate from 0 to more than 90% in mice with transplanted adenocarcinoma of the breast.115 The synthetic retinoid (fenretinide) was effective against a human ovarian carcinoma xenograft and potentiated cisplatin activity.131
Advances in pharmacotherapy for neuroblastoma
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Parmida Sadat Pezeshki, Aysan Moeinafshar, Faezeh Ghaemdoust, Sepideh Razi, Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi, Nima Rezaei
Fenretinide is another synthetic retinoid derivative that was investigated for neuroblastoma treatment. Unlike previous retinoids discussed, this analog works through ROS production and ceramide and eventually has cytotoxic effects on tumor cells (rather than differentiation). This compound can kill cell lines resistant to ATRA, isotretinoin, etoposide, and alkylating agents, making it an option of use in patients who developed resistance to conventional maintenance therapy [177,180–182]. Reports from preliminary trials using this retinoid analog showed modest results in refractory or recurrent neuroblastomas [183,184]. However, there were objections to these studies, like discrepancies in patients’ plasma drug levels and difficulty using capsular formulations for younger children. In this regard, a phase I trial on patients with refractory neuroblastoma showed that oral powderized lipid complex (LXS) was a better route for administration of fenretinide compared to conventional pills [185].
Fenretinide-polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugate with improved solubility enhanced cytotoxicity to cancer cell and potent in vivo efficacy
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Yutong Wang, Yanfang Ding, Changyuan Wang, Meng Gao, Youwei Xu, Xiaodong Ma, Xinyi Ma, Hongxia Cui, Lei Li
Fenretinide (4-HPR) were obtained from Nanjing ShengSai Chemical Co., Ltd (Nanjing, China). Methoxy polyethylene glycol carboxylic acid (mPEG-COOH, MV: 2 K) were purchased from Shanghai Yare Biotech, Inc (Shanghai, China). N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) were obtained from Beijing Ouhe Technology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Triethylamine (TEA, chromatographic grade) was obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Acetonitrile (analytical grade), Dichloromethane (DCM, analytical grade), Ethanol (analytical grade), Ethyl acetate (analytical grade), Formic acid (analytical grade) and Methanol (analytical grade) were obtained from Tianjin Kermel Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Tianjin, China). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and purchased commercially.
Release mechanisms and applications of drug delivery systems for extended-release
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Shuying Wang, Renhe Liu, Yao Fu, W. John Kao
In temporally-controlled delivery systems, multiple mechanisms are involved in modulating delivery kinetics over a prolonged duration (Figure 3). Different administration routes (parenteral, oral or local), drug properties (small molecules or macromolecules, hydrophobic or hydrophilic) and drug release profiles (sustained, constant or pulsatile release) are the major driving forces. For example, biodegradable capsules for the pulsatile release of hormone [13] involved different release mechanisms when compared with in-situ implants for the delivery of hydrophobic fenretinide in cancer treatment [14]. This section presents an overview of some major release mechanisms that are commonly found in most extended drug delivery systems. Several mechanisms such as dissolution and partition are integrated into the relevant parts in this section. Mathematical models of different release processes are introduced as a useful tool to understand the underlying theory.