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Contact Urticaria Caused by Preservatives and Disinfectants
Published in Ana M. Giménez-Arnau, Howard I. Maibach, Contact Urticaria Syndrome, 2014
Nagel et al. describe bronchospasm and generalized pruritus occurring in an asthmatic patient after the intravenous administration of hydrocortisone containing methylparaben and propylparaben. No reaction occurred when hydrocortisone without parabens was administered. Intradermal tests were positive for 0.15% methylparaben, 0.15% ethylparaben, and 0.02% propylparaben. Passive transfer testing was positive for methylparaben and propylparaben, again indicating an immunological mechanism.[81]
New chromatographic insights on drug:cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and their potential use in drug delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Marieta Constantin, Bogdan Cosman, Paolo Ascenzi, Bogdan C. Simionescu, Gheorghe Fundueanu
Pullulan (Pul), Mw = 200,000 g/mol, was purchased from Hayashibara Laboratories Ltd. (Okayama, Japan). β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) (Mw = 1380 g/mol), and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland). Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was purchased from Eastman Inc. (Kingsport, TN, USA). Deuterated water (D2O), glucose (Glu), and pullulan with Mw = 342 g/mol (Pul 342) were used as standard molecules with low molecular weights. Pullulans with molecular weight of 1320, 6200, 10,000, 23,000, 113,000, and 805,000 g/mol (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) and Blue dextran (BD, Mw = 2,000,000 g/mol) (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) were used as high molecular weight standards. Drugs and model compounds used as elutes in chromatography and for release studies were purchased from different suppliers; the chemical structures of eugenol, methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, and ibuprofen are shown below. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH = 7.4 was used both as an eluent and release medium.
Comparative cytotoxicity induced by parabens and their halogenated byproducts in human and fish cell lines
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Ashley L. Ball, Megan E. Solan, Marco E. Franco, Ramon Lavado
In both human cell lines, HepaRG and CaCo-2, MP showed negligible effects on cell viability, so EC50s could not be calculated; however, fish cell lines were more sensitive (Table 2 and Figure 2). Specifically for fish cell lines, those derived from gills were more sensitive to MP exposure (EC50 in RTGill-W1: 30.2 ± 6.8 µM; and EC50 in G1B: 80.9 ± 19.1 µM) compared to liver cell lines, where EC50s were close to 1 mM for both RTL-W1 and PLHC-1. Ethylparaben was less toxic in human cell lines when compared with fish cell lines (with EC50 of 3867 ± 1098 µM in HepaRG and EC50 of 417.4 ± 33.7 µM for CaCo-2), being RTL-W1 the more sensitive to this compound (39.1 ± 8.1 µM).
Design and evaluation of glimepiride hydrogel for transdermal delivery
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Haiying Li, Jiajia Wang, Qianru Xu, Shuya Tian, Wenzhi Yang
GM hydrogels containing HPMC and Pu at different concentrations were prepared. GM-MU complex was completely dissolved in distilled water at an 80 °C water bath [13]. The amount of Pu, azone and OA was added into the cooled GM solution under magnetic stirring. Then, ethylparaben (0.3%, w/v), EDTA-2Na (0.01%, w/v) and glycerol were gradually added to the solution. Finally, HPMC was uniformly sprinkled on the surface of the solution and the mixture was stirred overnight to be fully swollen.