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Medicinal Mushrooms
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Temitope A. Oyedepo, Adetoun E. Morakinyo
Other steroids that have been isolated from mushrooms include ergosterol peroxide, ergosterol, and trametenolic acid. These mushroom steroids are known to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators (Taofiq et al., 2016). Two known sterols that were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Agrocybe aegerita by Zhang et al. (2003) were discovered to have cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.
Champion Microalgal Forms for Food and Health Applications
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Chiara Toniolo, Marcello Nicoletti, Paola Del Serrone, Ambati Ranga Rao, Gokare A. Ravishankar
One of the most important properties of foods is the flavour. Chlorella and Spirulina had great potential in food products due to their rich composition of volatile molecules. Volatile compounds (hydrocarbons, acids, alcohols esters, aldehydes, and ketones) were reported in C. vulgaris (Abdel-Baky et al. 2002) and Spirulina (Milovanović et al. 2015) and they were applied to various food products. Sterols play a fundamental role in the membrane integrity of microalgae (Patterson 1974). Microalgal sterols have several potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. The sterol composition in Chlorella sps. were detailed by Volkman (2016). The biological activity of phytosterol derived from algae showed immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholestrolemic, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties (Luo et al. 2015). Ergosterol, 7-dehydroporiferasterol peroxide, 7-dehydroporiferasterol, ergosterol peroxide, and 7-oxocholesterol were identified in Chlorella, which showed potential effects in the prevention of inflammatory disorders and cancer (Yasukawa et al. 1996).
Lipids of Aspergillus
Published in Rajendra Prasad, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Lipids of Pathogenic Fungi, 2017
P. Chakrabarti, M. Kundu, J. Basu
Sterols are constituents of biomembranes of eukaryotic cells. They maintain membrane stability by modulating membrane fluidity. Ergosterol has been reported as the major sterol of Aspergillus species.13 However, in A. oryzae, brassicasterol is the main sterol.14 Lanosterol is also found in A. nidulans.15 Unlike other yeasts and fungi, A. nidulans contains sterol mostly in the free form and not as the steryl esters.16 In addition to ergosterol, 14-dehydroergosterol, ergosterol peroxide and cervisterol are also present in A. niger.17 Sterol esters formed from sterol and fatty acids are the storage forms of sterols in fungi.
Research progress on therapeutic targeting of quiescent cancer cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Jinhua Zhang, Jing Si, Lu Gan, Cuixia Di, Yi Xie, Chao Sun, Hongyan Li, Menghuan Guo, Hong Zhang
Reducing quiescence depth may awaken dormant CSCs, thus increasing their susceptibility to existing anticancer agents [7,52]. The Rb-E2F bistable switch plays critical roles in quiescence control. Destruction of the Rb-E2F gene network often leads to uncontrolled cell division and cancer formation [52]. pRb is indispensable for suppressing cell cycle entry and acts through binding and inhibition of the transcriptional activator E2F, which regulates numerous target genes involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication, growth and differentiation [10]. Consistently, emerging evidence has shown that quiescence depth can be tuned to different degrees by altering the expression of various proteins in the Rb-E2f network (Figure 2) [52]. Natural compounds purified from Ganoderma lucidum, ganodermanondiol, and ergosterol peroxide, play inhibitory roles via reducing the quiescence depth of cancer cells. Previous research has confirmed that these two compounds not only effectively inhibit rapidly proliferating cells but also activate the Rb-E2F bistable switch in quiescent slow-cycling cells, thereby reducing the quiescence depth of dormant cancer cells and enhancing their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs [7]. Further studies on the effects of natural Ganoderma lucidum compounds on target quiescent cancer cells may present a new avenue for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
Triticum aestivum Sprouts Extract Inhibits Azoymethane (AOM)/Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Hyeon-Hui Ki, Ji-Hyun Lee, Hoon-Yeon Lee, Young-Mi Lee, Dae-Ki Kim
The Wnt/β-catenin transduction pathway plays a key role in colon cancer carcinogenesis. It has been reported increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity may be crucial for progression from colitis to cancer (40). β-catenin is activated by binding to the transcription factor (Tcf) (or LEF) in nuclei and Tcf is known to regulate the expressions of genes involved in cell cycle control such as cyclin D1 and c-Myc. In steady state, β-catenin is degraded in the cytoplasm and its level in cytoplasm remains constant. Relationship of CAC and Wnt/β-catenin pathway has not yet been fully elucidated, but it has been suggested that sustained activation of Wnt pathway may contribute to the onset of CAC (41). As described in a previous report, β-catenin accumulation was observed in the colon tissues of AOM/DSS-induced CAC animal model (42). Likewise, the β-catenin level was increased in colons of AOM/DSS-treated mice and decreased by TAEE treatment. The levels of β-catenin-associated genes (cyclin D1 and c-Myc) also suppressed in the colons of TAEE-treated mice. In line with our results, ergosterol peroxide from chaga mushroom was found to exert anti-cancer activity by inhibiting the β-catenin pathway in vitro and in vivo (43).