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Plant-based Nanomaterials and their Antimicrobial Activity
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Mayuri Napagoda, Priyalatha Madhushanthi, Dharani Wanigasekara, Sanjeeva Witharana
In another study, 35 indigenous medicinal plants were identified in Urmia, Iran that were effective against infectious diseases of urinary, reproductive, digestive, respiratory tracts and the skin. Those plant species belonged to 17 plant families and the Lamiaceae had the highest frequency of plants for the treatment of infectious diseases. Althaea hirsuta, Mentha longifolia were some examples of plant species that had been used against pulmonary infections. Alhagi camelorum and Glycyrrhiza glabra were commonly used against intestinal infections while Dipsacus laciniatus and Equisetum arvense were used against urinary tract infections. Lamium album was employed as a remedy for both urinary tract infections and vaginitis. Some examples of plants that have been used against skin infections included Sanguisorba minor, Verbascum agrimonifolium and Ixiolirion tataricum. Plant leaves were the most widely used part in preparation of herbal remedies and most of the medicinal herbs were prescribed in the boiled forms (Bahmani et al. 2015).
Medicinal Plants of Mongolia
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Narantuya Samdan, Odonchimeg Batsukh
Equisetum arvense (Figure 1.31), which belongs to the family Equisetaceae, is a big bushy plant with a tap root and a stem 30–60 cm tall with white and black hairs. The plant grows in sandy terraces on the western and eastern slopes of mountains and forest fringes of the provinces of Khovsgol, Khangai, Mong-Dag., Dornod Mong., Mong. Altai, Dund. Khalkh, Ikh Nuur, and Gobi-Altai (Ligaa et al., 2005).
Atlas of Autofluorescence in Plant Pharmaceutical Materials
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
Horsetail, Equisetum arvense, is a widely used medicinal herb (Golovkin et al. 2001; Duke 2002; Murav’eva et al. 2007; Asgarpanah and Roohi 2012). Extracts of this species possess various pharmacological features (Sandhu et al. 2010)and have been used for urinary diseases as diuretics (Syrchina et al. 1974; Murav’eva et al. 2007), for osteoporosis (Radole and Kotwal 2014), for pleuritis, and as hemostatic (styptic) drugs for various hemorrhages (Murav’eva et al. 2007). Moreover, hydroalcoholic extracts have demonstrated sedative and anticonvulsant effects (Dos Santos et al. 2005). The species possesses antioxidant, anticancer (Al Mohammedi et al. 2017), antimicrobial, smooth muscle relaxant (effects on the vessels and ileum), anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-anxiety, dermatological, immunological, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, diuretic, inhibition of platelet aggregation, promotion of osteoblastic response, anti-leishmanial, and many other effects, according to a review (Al-Snafi 2017).
Collagen biosynthesis stimulation and anti-melanogenesis of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) extracts
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Romchat Chutoprapat, Waraporn Malilas, Rattikarl Rakkaew, Sarinporn Udompong, Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant
The BG-SB extract exhibited the highest stimulation of collagen biosynthesis on human dermal fibroblasts (18.04 ± 0.03%) when compared to the control (no treatment) (p < 0.05), whereas ascorbic acid, a collagen stimulator, gave 34.07 ± 0.03%. The collagen stimulation of the BG-SB extract was significantly lower than that of ascorbic acid by about twofold, whereas the BG-HB and BG-SS extracts showed lower stimulation activity of 13.36 ± 0.03%, and 1.08 ± 0.03%, respectively. Some phenolic and flavonoid compounds may be responsible for the highest activity on BG-SB extract. The formula herbal extract (PH) mixed with Equisetum arvense (Equisetaceae), Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae), Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) and Hyssopus officinalis (Lamiaceae) was found to have the highest phenolic compound (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin and apigenin) and exhibited stimulation of collagen synthesis on L929 Mouse fibroblasts cell line (Alexandru et al. 2015). Recently, polyphenols present in plants such as gallic acid, elaeocarpusin, pedunculagin and ellagitannin enhanced proliferation, collagen production and inhibition of collagenase and elastase activity in the fibroblasts (Dzialo et al. 2016). Therefore, the effect of collagen stimulation of BG-SB might be caused by decreasing activity of collagenase of a metalloproteinase enzyme.
Antimicrobial activity of denture adhesive associated with Equisetum giganteum- and Punica granatum-enriched fractions against Candida albicans biofilms on acrylic resin surfaces
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Nara Ligia Martins Almeida, Luiz Leonardo Saldanha, Rafaela Alves da Silva, Karen Henriette Pinke, Eliane Ferraz da Costa, Vinicius Carvalho Porto, Anne Lígia Dokkedal, Vanessa Soares Lara
Therefore, as they are a new source of diverse and potent actives, herbal medicines have proven to be an effective and innovative therapeutic option for treatment and/or prevention of DS. Reports in the literature have shown that plant extracts have antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, particularly against C. albicans (Koo et al. 2000; Vasconcelos et al. 2006; Samet et al. 2007; Braga et al. 2008; Endo et al. 2010). The crude extract (EtOH 70%) of Equisetum giganteum L. has been shown to be beneficial against the formation of C. albicans biofilms. This herb has shown antimicrobial activity against C. albicans, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), anti-adherent activity against C. albicans on the surface of polymerized acrylic resin and anti-inflammatory action on human monocytes activated by C. albicans. This antimicrobial activity is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, found in the 70% EtOH fraction of E. giganteum. Additionally, this herb has not negatively affected the viability of human epithelial cells or monocytes in the human palate (Alavarce et al. 2015).
Levofloxacin-loaded naturally occurring monoterpene-based nanoemulgel: a feasible efficient system to circumvent MRSA ocular infections
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Mohammed M. Mehanna, Amina Tarek Mneimneh, Khaled Abed El Jalil
The irritation results of the HET-CAM assay are presented in Table 5. No irritation was observed with the negative control (0.9% w/v NaCl), levofloxacin aqueous solution, and levofloxacin-loaded limonene-based in-situ nanoemulgel. In contrast, severe irritation characterized by vascular lysis followed by vascular coagulation as illustrated in Figure 9 (A1 and A2) with irritation index score 9.878 ± 0.514 was observed in the positive control group (1%w/v SLS). No signs of hemorrhage, coagulation, or lysis were detected with levofloxacin-loaded limonene-based in-situ nanoemulgel as observed in Figure 9(D). HET-CAM test is a feasibly, low-cost test that doesn’t conflict with any ethical issues. According to Sina and Gautheron, CAM is a highly vascularized tissue resembling that of conjunctiva tissues of the rabbit eyes, and it produces an inflammatory process in response to injury [60]. No irritation, hemorrhage, coagulation, or lysis was observed with the negative control, levofloxacin solution, and levofloxacin-loaded limonene-based in-situ nanoemulgel with zero irritation indexes, oppositely to that of positive control group where severe irritation characterized by vascular lysis followed by vascular coagulation was noticed with high irritation score. These data are following those of Chaiyana et al. where the extract of Equisetum debile plant was found nonirritant for the eyes with irritation index equal to zero [61]. Even though limonene is classified GRAS by FDA as additives and flavors, this natural oil was considered skin irritant in pigs, rats, and guinea-pigs but this irritation was moderate to low [62]. Molhave et al. tested eye irritation from four monoterpenes: (+) 3-carene, (−) limonene, and (+) α-pinene and (rac) α-terpineol, and proved that limonene and α-pinene were the least monoterpenes causing low eye irritation [63]. Nojgaard et al. showed that limonene oxidative products were the main causative effect of ocular irritation [64]. The presence of limonene in the formulated nanoemulgel preserved its stability and prohibited its oxidation and eye irritation when combined with levofloxacin. Levofloxacin-loaded limonene-based in-situ nanoemulgel was proved to be nontoxic and would not cause any ocular irritation thus can be used for eradicating MRSA induced bacterial keratitis.