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COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Roheena Abdullah, Ayesha Toor, Hina Qaiser, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Dou Deqiang
The first theory is the five-element theory called “Wu Xing theory,” which divides universe into five elements including Huo (fire), Jin (metal), Mu (wood), Shui (water) and Tu (earth). It was further proposed that the human body also comprises of these elements. So, these five elements are used for the treatment of different illnesses as each element corresponds to specific organ. For example, the element of fire corresponds to heart, the element of earth to digestive system, the element of metal to lungs, water element corresponds to kidneys and wood element to liver. Figure 10.2 represents the different techniques that are used for treatment in Chinese medicine [12].
Vegetables
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
Besides the sewer, some 350 skeletons examined by 2015 further illuminated diets. Teeth and bones revealed nutritional stresses defined in Chapter 1. In addition, bones’ strontium, calcium, and zinc indicated the source of dietary protein. All three elements are metals on the Periodic Table, illustrated in Figure 2.9. In soils, they may be inorganic components of rocks. As rocks weather, these elements may ionize, in which state roots may absorb them. In this context, strontium deserves attention because it tends to exist in roughly equal proportions in plants and in soils in which they grow. That is, plants mirror soils in strontium content. Herbivores and omnivores acquire the element from plants, depositing it in bones but not muscles. Because muscles lack strontium, omnivores have less of the element than herbivores, and carnivores—eating no plants—have least. In bones, strontium replaces calcium such that strontium to calcium ratios correlate directly with plant, and inversely with meat, consumption. The third element, zinc, is in meat such that zinc amounts in bones correlate with meat intake. Herculaneum skeletons’ excellent preservation, discussed below, permitted quantification of strontium, calcium, and zinc.
Medicine, Technology and Industry
Published in Roger Cooter, John Pickstone, Medicine in the Twentieth Century, 2020
Many elements combined to reshape the relations between medicine and technology. Visions such as Sarnoff’s were one. The search for new uses for skills and knowledge acquired during the war was another. Governments’ determination to extend access to high quality health care was a third. From the late 1940s high quality health care was becoming available to millions who, before the war, would not have had access to it. Where neither the provider of care nor the recipient had to worry about the costs (increasingly covered by the health service or insurer) ready recourse to the most sophisticated treatments seemed unproblematic. Driven both by idealism and by the search for profits, entrepreneurial activity was increasingly addressed to the health care system. Much of what subsequently occurred can be viewed as the systematic attempt to redeploy skills, technologies, and knowledge developed in the war into medicine. But the changing scale of hospital work, the need to organize it more effectively, was a different but no less important stimulus to innovation, as illustrated by the development of the ‘Autoanalyzer.’
Elements of chaplaincy in Danish intensive care units: key-informant interviews with hospital chaplains
Published in Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 2022
Elements of chaplaincy determined by more than 30,000 chaplain visits in New York were categorized as general or spiritual activities (Handzo et al., 2008). General activities were: crisis intervention, emotional enabling, ethical consultation, life review, patient advocacy, counseling, bereavement and empathetic listening, whereas religious and spiritual activities were: confession, faith affirmation, theological development, performing religious rites/rituals, providing religious items, offering a blessing, praying, meditation or other spiritual support. Many of these elements were identified in our study. The religious activities, however, are different, e.g., confession, faith affirmation, and theological development were not identified in our study. Conversely, we found activities that were not identified by Handzo et al. (2008), e.g., educational activities, such as the “Existence laboratory” or filling the need for a neutral bystander, which is supported in the literature (Anneberg, 2000).
PM2.5 induce the defective efferocytosis and promote atherosclerosis via HIF-1α activation in macrophage
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Shuang Liang, Qinglin Sun, Zhou Du, Xiaoke Ren, Qing Xu, Zhiwei Sun, Junchao Duan
PM2.5 collection and preparation were described in detail in our previous study (Zhang et al. 2017). The major chemical components of PM2.5 are as follows (Liu et al. 2019b). In brief, PM2.5 was collected from the roof of the Capital Medical University building in central Beijing, China in the winter of 2017. Elution, freeze-dried, and diluted in sterilized saline after ultraviolet radiation for 2 h and mixed by sonication for 30 min. The major chemical components of PM2.5 were the same batch at the same time point. We analyzed 24 inorganic elements. Fe, Na, Ca, Si and S were the most abundant elements, and the toxic nonmetallic element As and toxic heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Sb, Ni and Cd) were detected in PM2.5. Meanwhile, the concentrations of water-soluble ions NH4+, NO3−, and SO42− were higher than those of other water-soluble ions. The average concentrations of organic carbon, elemental carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were 222.27 ± 35.55 mg/g, 47.97 ± 42.46 mg/g and 1042.80 ± 474.76 μg/g, respectively. The exposure doses of PM2.5 were determined according to the interim target-1 for the 24 h mean of PM2.5 (75 μg/m3, the WHO air quality guidelines) and physiological mouse parameters of mice (25 g, 163 times/min of breath rate, and 0.15 mL/each time of respiratory volume). The concentration of PM2.5 used in this study was 10.56 mg/kg bw after applying a 100-fold uncertainty factor.
Review of assistive technology in the training of children with autism spectrum disorders
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2022
Christine K. Syriopoulou-Delli, Eleni Gkiolnta
Robotics is a field of technology that encompasses designing, developing and studying robotic tools. It combines elements from other scientific fields, including computer technology, electronics and engineering. Robotic science has made a giant step forward and has yielded many benefits in global industry, medical science and personal care. Robots can be described as automatic machines that incorporate programmed behavior, used for replacing the human component to complete a specific task. Robots can be categorized based on their form and capabilities in four categories (Amran et al.2018), which are:Humanoid robots or androids, which come in a form that is similar to that of a human. A good example is “Nao” produced by Aldebaran Robotics.Industrial robots, which complete tasks and execute commands automatically and without human intervention.Telerobots, which refers to a specific type of semi-autonomous robots that are used for telecommunications.Autonomous robots, which are designed with a built-in artificial intelligence (AI) system, to complete tasks and to act without receiving commands from humans