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Prevention of Microbial Contamination during Manufacturing
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Deep-bed filtration or multimedia/sand filters are used to remove suspended material such as particulate matter, colloidal matter, and heavy molecular weight matter such as naturally occurring organic matter. The installation of an activated carbon bed is used to absorb chlorine, chloramines and organic material from a potable or drinking water source. Water softeners are used to remove calcium, magnesium and other cations that can cause water hardness. A reverse osmosis unit is a purification technology in which a semi-permeable membrane is used to remove both multivalent and monovalent ions from water. Depending upon the water quality, reverse osmosis units be either a single or a double pass. In a double-pass reverse osmosis unit, two individual reverse osmosis units are operated in a series in which one unit will provide the feedwater to the second unit. Cation/anion/mixed bed ion exchange columns or electrodeionization unit (EDI) unit is used to remove cations and anions from water that had not been removed by the reverse osmosis unit.
Design of minocycline-containing starch nanocapsules for topical delivery
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
J. M. Marto, L. F. Gouveia, L. M. D. Gonçalves, H. M. Ribeiro, A. J. Almeida
Minocycline hydrochloride (MH), alcohol, pre-gelatinized starch (Starch 1500), wheat starch and corn starch were obtained from Laboratórios Atral S.A. (Portugal). Ethoxydiglycol (Transcutol® CG) and caprylocaproyl macrogol-8 glycerides (caprylocaproyl) (Labrasol®) were a gift from Gattefossé (Lyon, France). Caprylic/capric triglycerides (Miglyol® 812) were a gift from Sasol Olefins & Surfactants GmbH (Hamburg, Germany). Phenoxyethyl caprylate (Tegosoft® XC), PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate (Tegosoft® GC), ethylhexyl stearate (Tegosoft® OS), diethylhexyl carbonate (Tegosoft® DEC), isopropyl myristate (Tegosoft® M) and decyl oleate (Tegosoft® DO) were a kind gift from Evonik Industries AG (Essem, Germany). Pregelatinized modified starch (Instant Pure-Cote® B793) was a kind gift from Grain Processing Corporation (Washington, USA). Modified starches (Pure-Gel® B990, Pure-Gel® B994, Pure-Cote® B790 and Instant Pure-Cote® B793) were a kind gift from Grain Processing Corporation’s (USA). Polyethylene glycol (Lutrol® E 400) was a gift from BASF (Rheim, Germany). Cetrimonium bromide (cetrimide) was a gift from DS Produtos Químicos (São Domingos de Rana, Portugal). Polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80) was obtained from Merck (Kenilworth, USA). Ethanol was obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents (Cornaredo, Italy). Purified water was obtained by reverse osmosis and electrodeionization (Millipore, Elix 3, Oeiras, Portugal) being afterwards filtered (pore 0.22 µm).
Palatability of pediatric formulations: do rats predict aversiveness?
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Sandra Simões, Antonio J. Almeida, Joana Marto
Quinine hydrochloride dehydrate (QHD) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA). Sucrose, sorbitol, and sucralose were obtained from António M. S. Cruz Laboratory (Portugal). Mint and strawberry flavor were purchased from Fagron (Spain). Captopril was purchased from Generis (Portugal). Purified water was obtained by reverse osmosis and electrodeionization (Millipore, Elix 3) and filtered (pore 0.22 µm) prior to use.