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Synthetic Nanoparticles for Anticancer Drugs
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
To synthesise gold NPs, fucoside monomer-glycopolymer is first prepared using fucoside monomers (2-methacrylamidoethyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-a-L-fucopyranoside). The monomer is polymerised in dioxane via the classical method with 2-trimethylsilyl-ethanethiol as a chain transfer compound. Glycopolymer is produced by precipitating the per-acetylation polymer with ether. Pellets are collected through filtration and deprotected in NaOCH3/CH3OH (Jain & Das 2011). The second glycopolymer will partially sulphate in the presence of sulphur trioxide in the pyridine complex and dimethylformamide. They are converted to sodium bicarbonate to complete the sodium–sodium salt product (Shukla et al. 2005). A dialysis process using deionised water is performed to purify the obtained product. After synthesising the FM-glycopolymer, gold NPs are synthesise dusing NaBH4, which acts as a reducing agent.
Prevention of Microbial Contamination during Manufacturing
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Non-specific test methods for determining the cleanliness of a surface involve conductivity or TOC analysis. By collecting a rinse water sample after cleaning, conductivity can be carried out if deionized water is used as the final equipment rinse. If the final equipment rinse is potable water, the presence of chlorine and salts in potable water will give a false conductivity reading indicating that the equipment is not cleaned. The conductivity of the deionized rinse water should be no more than twice the conductivity reading of the deionized water that had been used for rinsing. TOC analysis is an alternative to conductivity as a non-specific test method for determining the cleanliness of an equipment surface. TOC analysis can be used to detect the presence of any residue (e.g., ingredients and cleaning agents) remaining on equipment surfaces which contains carbon. Sampling for the presence of TOC can be done by direct surface sampling (e.g., swab) or indirect surface sampling (e.g., rinse water). If swabs are used to take direct TOC equipment samples, it should be noted that very clean swabs or wipes are required for taking the sample to prevent a false positive TOC reading. If a rinse water sample is going to be collected, deionized water should be used.
Quality Control of Ayurvedic Medicines
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
V. Remya, Maggie Jo Alex, Alex Thomas
For maintaining the high quality of the ariṣṭa or āsava, all the ingredients used in their production should be subjected to physicochemical and microbiological analysis. Only ingredients that conform to the specification should be accepted for production. Deionized water alone is to be used in production. Instead of wooden vats, it is better to use stainless steel fermentation tanks. The fermentation tank should be housed in an aseptic, closed room maintained at a temperature of 25–30°C and relative humidity of 40–45% (Thomas et al. 2016).
PLGA-based microspheres containing ropivacaine and betamethasone for sciatic nerve block in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Chunquan Wang, Jinjun Yang, Weimin Chang
RPC was gifted from Benepure Corporation (Sichuan, China). BTM was purchased from the Tibo Chemistry Co, Ltd (Wuhan, China). PLGA ((poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) average molecular weight [MW] 41 000 Da, lactic acid:glycolic acid 50:50) was pursued from Shandong Medical Instrument Research Institute (Shandong, China). Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) was supplied by Shanghai Colorcon Coating Technology Co., Ltd. The chemical and solvents used were analytical or HPLC. In this study, deionized water was used. Sprague Dawley rats (200 ± 20 g) and Kunming mice (5 to 6-weeks-old, 22 ± 2 g) were obtained from the laboratory animal center of Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, China. All animals were free from pathogens, and have free access to food and water. Animal experiments were carried out in accordance with the guidelines issued by the National Institutes of Health and approved by the laboratory animal center of Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital.
Production of active human FGF21 using tobacco mosaic virus-based transient expression system
Published in Growth Factors, 2021
Jieying Fan, Yunpeng Wang, Shuang Huang, Shaochen Xing, Zhengyi Wei
To enhance the productivity of target protein, we also optimise other parameters in this study according to previous reports such as deionised water in MES-MgSO4 buffer, which would give a higher expression of exogenous protein for tobacco infiltrating (Kapila et al. 1997; Shamloul et al. 2014; Llave et al. 2000). Compare with 6-leave-aged tobacco used in this study, the expression level of exogenous protein in several other leaf-aged tobacco plants was extremely low, and the leaves could rot easily (data not shown). Yang et al. (2016) performed transient expression of GFP in different tobacco positions, including root, stem, and leaves, for infiltration. The result turned out that the expression of GFP was much higher in leaves than that in roots and stems. In addition, it was reported that the use of surfactants can significantly reduce surface tension at low concentrations and improve infection efficiency. Subramanyam et al.(2013) screened and optimised three types of surfactants, Tween 20, Triton X-100, and Silwet L-77, and found that 0.2% Silwet L-77 had the highest infection efficiency on the seedlings of eggplant.
Fabrication and characterization of Agarwood extract-loaded nanocapsules and evaluation of their toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells and in zebrafish embryos
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Manar A. Eissa, Yumi Z. H.-Y. Hashim, Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir, Yusilawati Ahmad Nor, Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, Muhammad Lokman Md. Isa, Saripah S. S. Abd-Azziz, Nor Malia Abd Warif, Eman Ramadan, Noha M. Badawi
In this study, ALEX-M-PNCs were formulated by preparing water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion (Ghayempour et al., 2016a). The encapsulation process was initiated by sonicating mixture of ALEX-M (0.5 mg/ml), Almond oil (3 ml) and 0.1% Triton X-100 using SONICS Vibra-CellTM sonicator for 5 minutes at 100% amplitude. The prepared w/o emulsion was added to the solution containing 1% w/v TG and 0.1% w/v Triton X-100 and the mixture was stirred on magnetic stirrer (Daihan Scientific, MSH 20 D) at 1500 rpm for 10 min to obtain a steady white w/o/w emulsion. The cross-linker, AlCl3 (2% w/v), was added dropwise to the emulsion and stirred for 5 min followed by sonication in an ice bath. The emulsion was then centrifuged using cooling centrifuge (2-16KL, Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH, Osterode am Harz, Germany) at 4 °C for four hours and 12000 rpm and the nanocapsules were washed three times. Finally, the nanocapsules were left to dry at room temperature for further characterization. Deionized water was used in the process. B-PNCs were prepared in parallel without adding the extract.