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Alcaftadine
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A 51-year-old woman had been prescribed alcaftadine 0.25% for allergic conjunctivitis. After the second application, both eyelids became swollen, and erythematous changes were evident. On slit-lamp examination, conjunctival injection was noted in the absence of conjunctival swelling or any other findings. Fundus examination was unremarkable. A – rather amateurish – patch test with the commercial alcaftadine 0.25% was positive at D2 (no other readings mentioned). The other possibly allergenic ingredients benzalkonium chloride and edetate disodium were not tested, but these were also present in 2 other ophthalmic preparations that were patch tested and found to be negative (2). Thus, although contact allergy to alcaftadine in this case is possible, the evidence for it is rather circumstantial and weak.
Quality by design (QbD) approach for design and development of drug-device combination products: a case study on flunisolide nasal spray
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Swapnil Sharadkumar Chudiwal, Mohamed Hassan G. Dehghan
Flunisolide was obtained from Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Limited (Mumbai, India). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 and propylene glycol (PG) were obtained from Dow Chemical Company (Midland, MI). Edetate disodium (EDTA), butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), benzalkonium chloride (BKC) 50% w/v solution, citric acid, sodium citrate, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were obtained from Merck Specialities (Mumbai, India). All the materials used were of pharmacopeial grade. Mechanical nasal spray pumps were received as kind gifts from Aptar Pharma (Mumbai, India).
Gadolinium-based contrast agents – what is the evidence for ‘gadolinium deposition disease’ and the use of chelation therapy?
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
Kerry A. Layne, David M. Wood, Paul I. Dargan
The second paper [41] reported a patient who was treated for zinc toxicity who had undergone two gadolinium-based contrast agent-enhanced MRI scans and was incidentally noted to have increased urine gadolinium excretion. His chelation therapy consisted of a regimen of 3–5 capsules per day of a dietary supplement that contained (per capsule) sodium calcium edetate 75 mg and succimer 25 mg, followed by 22 intravenous chelation infusions with edetate disodium or sodium calcium edetate 1500–3000 mg per infusion.
Increasing efficacy and reducing systemic absorption of brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic gels in rabbits
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Xiaochen Pang, Jiawei Li, Jiaxin Pi, Dongli Qi, Pan Guo, Nan Li, Yumei Wu, Zhidong Liu
In this investigation, the ophthalmic gel was prepared using Carbopol 974 P (gelling agent) and HPMC E4M (viscosity-enhancing agent). In addition, edetate disodium (EDTA-2Na), ethylparaben and mannitol were used as a chelating agent, preservative, and osmotic regulators, respectively. The viscosity of each solution was measured under nonphysiological condition (pH 6.0 ± 0.1 and 25 °C) at 60 rpm using the rheometer (Brookfield DV-III, New York, NY).