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Sunburn
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Sunscreen or Sunblock: Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 5% or its esters in ethyl alcohol or in a cream or gel are quite effective in helping to prevent sunburn from ultraviolet B rays. Sunscreens with SPF rating at 15 or higher are recommended. Fair-skinned people need an SPF rating of 30 or more. For protection against ultraviolet A rays, it is recommended to use a sunscreen that contains at least one of the following: ecamsule, avobenzone, oxybenzone, titanium dioxide, sulisobenzone, or zinc oxide.2
Innovations and Future Prospects of Dermal Delivery Systems
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Rashmi Upasani, Anushree Herwadkar, Neha Singh, Ajay K. Banga
Sunscreen actives that provide broad spectrum photoprotection in the UV-A wavelengths are very effective antiaging ingredients, as UV-A radiation is the prime driver of premature aging. These ingredients include benzophenone, benzophenone complexes, avobenzene and ecamsule. Ecamsule is a newer ingredient that is expected to find its way into antiaging cosmeceuticals to provide long lasting UV-A protection (Amer et al. 2009).
Novel UV Filtering Agents for Next-Generation Cosmetics: From Phytochemicals to Inorganic Nanomaterials
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Newer chemical compounds, such as bemotrizinol, avobenzone, bisoctizole, benzophenone-3 (BZ-3, oxybenzone), and octocrylene, are broad-spectrum agents and are effective against a broad range of solar spectrum both in experimental models and outdoor settings. Ecamsule (terephthalylidene dicamphor sulphonic acid), dometrizole trisiloxane, bemotrizinol, and bisoctrizole are considered organic UVA sunscreening agents. Nevertheless, insect repellents, such as picaridin and N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), have been incorporated into sunscreening agents to minimize the risk of developing insect-borne infections. Picardin was found to be a more suitable component than DEET when used along with BZ-3, as it minimizes the penetration of chemicals (Latha et al., 2013).
Prospects of topical protection from ultraviolet radiation exposure: a critical review on the juxtaposition of the benefits and risks involved with the use of chemoprotective agents
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Bhaskar Mazumder, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
The innovation and discovery of new sunscreen ingredients is the scope and direction which leads to the development of enhanced sunscreen formulations. Several new sunscreen agents are already under review for the approval of the US FDA (Table 2). It is interesting to know that most of these ingredients have been in the market in the European Union, Canada and Australia for many years. Many ingredients are increasingly used in combination of already approved sunscreen ingredients, e.g. drometrizole trisiloxane (UVB protectant), silatriazole (UVA2) is used in combination, and act synergistically with ecamsule which results in the increase of sun protection factor (99). Three UVB filters which are found to be very promising contenders are methyl benzylidene camphor, ethylhexyl triazone and isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate and are likely be added soon to the FDA sunscreen monograph. Diethylhexyl butamido triazone and bisdisulizole disodium are also very eligible to be considered by the FDA in the near future.
Sunscreen: a brief walk through history
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Madeeha Drissi, Emily Carr, Chad Housewright
2019: Matta and colleagues’ study in JAMA details the application of four commonly available sunscreens on healthy volunteers that resulted in plasma concentrations above the exceeded level established by the FDA for waiving nonclinical toxicology studies for sunscreen. The active ingredients included in the study are avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, and ecamsule. This study has served as a catapult for the need for further studies to determine the significance of these findings.21
Dermatologic adverse events associated with targeted therapies for melanoma
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Luigi Scarpato, Lucia Festino, Vito Vanella, Gabriele Madonna, Massimo Mastroianni, Marco Palla, Paolo Antonio Ascierto
Photosensitivity is an increased light sensitivity leading to the onset of skin rash, sunburn, or symptoms like itching after exposure to light sources [38]. Of all the currently available BRAF inhibitors, vemurafenib induces photosensitivity in a higher proportion of patients. Dummer et al. showed that vemurafenib-induced photosensitivity is a UVA-dependent phototoxicity and that UVA testing after the application of a UVA-tailored sun-protection is normal [39]. The spectrum involved ranges from visible light to long-wave UVA resulting in a phototoxic mechanism, different from classic photosensitivity associated with drugs, related to the increase of erythropoiesis by vemurafenib, leading to higher zinc-protoporphyrins concentrations in patients [40]. The course and intensity of the photosensitivity appeared different from those reported with classic drug-induced phototoxicity. In fact, patients experienced skin burning during or shortly after sun exposure that was then associated with erythema and edema, clearly limited by the hem of the clothes. With vemurafenib monotherapy, the incidence of photosensitivity was 41%, with 4% of patients experiencing grade 3–4 toxicity [9,41] (Figure 1(a)). While in combination with cobimetinib, the incidence was 28%, with 3% being Grade 3 and 4 [42]. The other BRAF inhibitors, while sharing many toxicities with vemurafenib, showed a much lower incidence of photosensitivity, only 3% with dabrafenib monotherapy and 4% with dabrafenib + trametinib [35,43]. Data from the COLUMBUS study showed an incidence of Grade 1 and 2 photosensitivity of 5% with the combination of encorafenib and binimetinib [37,44]. As severe photosensitivity can lead to discontinuation of treatment, it is therefore of great importance to inform the patients to minimize or avoid excessive exposure to sunlight, use UVA-tailored sun protection products (contatining avobenzone, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, ecamsule or oxybenzone [45] and to wear long sleeve ultraviolet-protective clothing and sunglasses.