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Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Kenneth A. Walters, Majella E. Lane
Fentanyl transdermal patches are designed to deliver the drug across the skin over a 72-hour period (Figure 1.13). The Duragesic® patch is available in five dose levels (graded by patch area) ranging in nominal hourly dose levels of 12.5 µg/h to 100 µg/h, the largest patch being 42 cm2.
When I Control the Pain, I Control My Life: Opioids and Opioid-Containing Analgesic Medication in the Management of Chronic Intractable Pain
Published in Michael S. Margoles, Richard Weiner, Chronic PAIN, 2019
In some cases, combinations of these medications must be used. For instance, a patient may use MS Contin® every 12 hours and nontime-release morphine every 3–4 hours for break-through pain. Levo-Dromoran® may be combined with Naprosyn®. In very severely afflicted patients, Duragesic® patches (give level pain relief for 2.5 days or more) may need to be combined with high-potency Dilaudid® injections (for severe breakthrough pain), etc.
Opioids and Related Agents
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
In the 1990s, fentanyl enjoyed increasing popularity as the narcotic of choice among illicit drug users, principally because of its enhanced potency (China white). At 200 times and 7000 times greater potency than morphine, respectively, α-methylfentanyl and 3-methylfentanyl also display greater potential for toxicity. The median lethal dose is about 145 µg for the former and 5 µg for the latter.* Therapeutically, fentanyl is marketed in the form of medicated patches (Duragesic Transdermal System®) for the management of chronic pain. Depending on the size of the patch and the amount of fentanyl delivered (10–40 cm2 containing 2.5–20 mg total per patch), the transdermal system can release up to 200 μg per hour.
Predicting transdermal fentanyl delivery using physics-based simulations for tailored therapy based on the age
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Flora Bahrami, René Michel Rossi, Thijs Defraeye
To evaluate the validation of results from the pharmacokinetic model, we compared our result with Marier et al. (2006), in which the detail of the experiment is provided in section Validation of the PK model. The results of the simulation and the average results of the experiments (Marier et al., 2006) are shown in Figure 5. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of simulation data and experimental data was 0.152 [ng ml−1]. By analyzing the result from simulation and the experiment, we find at the beginning there is a time difference for reaching the maximum concentration for the first peak; however, this difference is less for the next two peaks. In the experiment, in the third peak, there is a jump in the concentration, which the simulation could not predict. This jump could be due to changes in the situation for patients or the measuring process of the concentration of fentanyl in plasma. However, in general, the agreement of the model with the experiments is satisfactory. However, in the following part of this study, the Duragesic fentanyl patch with a nominal flux of 75 [µg/h] is being used to reach the pain intensity target.