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Other Asphyxial Deaths
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
In early 2021, the dead body of a young male was found in a dry water channel (nala) near a graveyard by his brother. As per inquest papers, there was an alleged history of the deceased attempting robbery at a house, following which he was caught and assaulted by the house members. The house members had reported to the police that the thief escaped from their custody, but later the same person was found in an unresponsive state in a deep dry nala on the same day by his brother. He was then taken to a nearby hospital where he was declared brought dead. A medico-legal case was registered, and the dead body was subjected to postmortem examination. On postmortem examination, multiple muscle-deep contusions were noted on all limbs and trunk of the body (Figures 6.5 and 6.6). Contusions were present over the mucosal surface of the upper and lower lip (Figure 6.7). Multiple abraded contusions were present around the mouth and over the neck (Figure 6.8). On dissection of the neck, contusions were present over the sternocleidomastoid muscle and sternothyroid muscle. Fracture of the hyoid bone was present on the right side between the greater horn and body of the hyoid, with infiltration of the surrounding soft tissue. Thyroid cartilage and trachea were intact.
Vict. (περὶ διαίτης, de victu)
Published in Elizabeth M. Craik, The ‘Hippocratic’ Corpus, 2014
It is added that fire is hot and dry, water cold and wet; yet in their mutual dependence and inseparability fire contains moist from water and water contains dry from fire. It is stated that nothing is born and nothing dies; rather there is a constant process of interaction and mingling between the elements. (4)
Population Dynamics of Famine in Nineteenth Century Punjab, 1896-7 and 1899-1900
Published in Tim Dyson, India's Historical Demography, 1989
The rains failed again in January 1897, although, with the exception of Delhi Division, the Punjab received adequate supplies of winter rain and consequently a reasonable rabi harvest. The rabi in Hissar, however, was again very poor. Prices fell a little because of the availability of food imports from adjacent areas within Punjab, but the numbers on relief continued to rise until the maximum in July, and there were no signs of the easing of distress. June and July were the worst months of all, with intense heat and dry water tanks, and over 10 per cent of the population was on relief. Although there are no figures for migration, most villages were partly deserted by this stage of the famine, and much wandering was observed, with a few deaths occurring on the roadside from thirst.
Beverages Rich in Resveratrol and Physical Activity Attenuate Metabolic Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Letícia Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso, Juliana Arruda de Souza Monnerat, Isabelle Waleska Santos de Medeiros Silva, Raiza da Silva Ferreira Fiochi, Nina da Matta Alvarez Pimenta, Bruna Ferreira Mota, Manuela Dolisnky, Flavia Lima do Carmo, Sergio Girão Barroso, Carlos Alberto Soares da Costa, Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto, Gabrielle de Souza Rocha
Malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis was performed by the thiobarbituric acid method (TBARS) measured according to the method described by Ohkawa et al., where 35 µL of 8.1% SDS, 385 µl of 1% phosphoric acid, 210 µL of TBARS 0.6% and 70 µl serum. The tubes were capped, vortexed and placed in a 95° C dry water bath for 1 hour. After this period, it was centrifuged for 15 minutes at 400 rpm. After the centrifugation, 200 µl of the supernatant was passed to one well of the plate (duplicate) and absorbance was measured on a microplate reader (Synergy H1 Hybrid Reader - Biotek) at wavelength of 532 nm. The standard curve was performed and the MDA quantification present in the sample was obtained by interpolation of the standard curve. The level of lipid peroxidation was expressed in nmol of MDA/ml of serum of the animals (21).
Biological activities of leaf extracts from selected Kalanchoe species and their relationship with bufadienolides content
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk, Anna Hering, Magdalena Gucwa, Rafał Hałasa, Agata Soluch, Mariusz Kowalczyk, Anna Stochmal, Renata Ochocka
The antibacterial assay was performed according to a previously established method (Kula et al. 2013). Dry water extracts (20 mg) were dissolved in sterile distilled water (1 mL), and dry ethanol extracts (108, 105, and 315 mg for K. blossfeldiana, K. pinnata, and K. daigremontiana, respectively) were dissolved in DMSO. The final concentrations of all the water extracts used to the antimicrobial activity ranged from 50 to 0.05 µg/mL, and ethanol extracts from 270 to 0.13 µg/mL (K. blossfeldiana and K. pinnata, respectively) and from 787 to 0.375 µg/mL (K. daigremontiana). The concentration of DMSO in a control sample was not higher than 2.5% (v/v). The lowest concentration of the extracts at which there was no visible growth of microorganisms was taken as the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration). As a positive control, we used ampicillin for bacteria and amphotericin B for yeast.
A comparison of the HAIN Genotype CM reverse hybridisation assay with the Bruker MicroFlex LT MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer for identification of clinically relevant mycobacterial species
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2020
JA O’Connor, B O’Reilly, GD Corcoran, J O’Mahony, B Lucey
For the identification by MALDI-tof MS, all mycobacteria were recovered from frozen storage into MP BacT/Alert (Middlebrook 7H10) mycobacteria bottles and incubated in the BacT/Alert system. When the bottles flagged positive, the mycobacterial biomass underwent an extraction protocol as described previously within a biosafety level three laboratory [13]. Briefly, 1.2 mL of biomass was centrifuged at 13,160 g for 5 min and the supernatant was decanted, 300 µL of deionised water was added to the tube and the culture was inactivated in a calibrated dry water bath at 95°C for 30 min. A total of 900 µL of ethyl alcohol (100%) was added and the tube was incubated at room temperature for 3–5 min. The samples were then vortexed at maximum for 15 s and centrifuged at 13,160 g for 15 min. The supernatant was discarded, 2 × 10 µL loopfuls of 0.5 mm zirconia/silica beads were added to each tube, which was followed by the addition of 10–50 µL (depending on biomass size) of pure acetonitrile (ACN). This was followed by vortexing at maximum speed for 15–20 s. The samples underwent sonication for 15 min. An equal volume of 70% formic acid (as ACN) was added to each sample followed by another brief vortexing step. The samples were then centrifuged at 13,160 g for 2 min. A 1 µL aliquot of supernatant was added to a MSP 96 target polished steel target plate (Bruker Daltronics, Bremen, Germany) and each sample was tested five-fold (technical replicates). Following drying, each extract was immediately overlaid with 1µl of α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix. Once the rough source vacuum was below 3.7 mbar, the spectra were acquired in a linear positive ion mode at a laser frequency of 60 hz across a mass/charge ratio within the range of 2–20 kDa using the MicroFlex LT mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltronics). For each spectrum, 240 laser shots in 40 shot steps from different areas of the spot were automatically accumulated and analysed. Where peaks were seen and not accumulated, these spots were analysed with manually acquired spectra (a minimum of 240). The spectra were analysed using the Mycobacterial Library (Bead Method) version 1μl (Bruker Daltronics). The best log-score of the five MALDI-tof replicate results for each isolate is recorded in Table 1. The result of MALDI-tof identification of the collection of isolates showed 97% accordance with those attained with the Genotype CM. There were no incorrect identifications by MALDI-tof and there were three isolates that failed to identify (through generating a log score of less than 1.7 when using version 1 of Bruker’s Mycobacterial Library). The results are shown in Table 1.