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Nigella sativa Encapsulated Nano-Scaffolds and Their Bioactivity Significance
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Mohammed Asadullah Jahangir, Abdul Muheem, Syed Sarim Imam, Farhan Jalees Ahmed, Mohd. Aqil
N. sativa was an important component of the ancient system of medicine. Many active components have been extracted from N. sativa for instance, thymoquinone (TQ), thymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone, thymol, carvacrol, nigellimine-N-oxide, nigellicine, nigellidine, etc. The aqueous extract of N. sativa has various therapeutic actions although it has limited bioavailability and solubility in aqueous solution. The primary aim of developing nanoformulations is to achieve increased solubilization of TQ, a major component of N. sativa extract. The extract or TQ loaded nanoformulations should be prepared efficiently and possess required loading of the active components and should retain these for the required time period. Some nanoformulations aim for a prolonged release of drugs while others have additional mechanisms for cellular delivery or intracellular release. The seed extract of N. sativa is a remarkable herbal drug having a cure for various ailments and disorders such as inflammation, bacterial infection, genetic dysfunction, cancer, and treatment of nervous and hepatic disorders. Therefore, the review report focuses on the development of nanoformulations loaded with seed extracts of N. sativa using modern scientific techniques.
Ameliorating Insulin Signalling Pathway by Phytotherapy
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
The common name of N. sativa is black caraway. It is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae. The plant attains a height of 20–30 cm, having finely divided linear leaves. Pale blue and white-coloured flowers contain five to ten petals. The fruit is a large and inflated capsule, composed of three to seven united follicles, each containing numerous seeds which are used as a spice (Andreas 2005). The plant contains oil, proteins, thymoquinone, dithymoquinone alkaloid, saponin and essential oil. The oil is unsaturated fatty acids, which include arachidonic, eicosadienoic, linoleic, linolenic, oleic, almitoleic, palmitic, stearic and myristic acid as well as p-cymene. The seed contains two different forms of alkaloids: isoquinoline alkaloid that includes nigellicimine, nigellicimine n-oxide and pyrazol alkaloid that includes nigellidine and nigellicine (Forouzanfar et al. 2014). Figure 15.17 contains some few chemical compounds found in N. sativa.
Modulation of gene expression by thymoquinone conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles arrested cell cycle, DNA damage and increased apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Banupriya SJS, Kavithaa K, Poornima A, Haribalan P, Sri Renukadevi B, Sumathi. S
Nature is the best chemist and medicinal plants are the basic source of compounds that are used for all ailments to treat mankind. Collections of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites were synthesized by plants which can be used for pharmacological and therapeutic applications and most of the anticancer drugs were synthesized from medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are gaining global importance due to its minimal side effects [6]. Thymoquinone (2-methyl 5-isopropyl 1,4-benzoquinone) a bioactive substance (commercially available) was extracted from the black seeds of the plant Nigella sativa and it has effective anti-cancerous property. The phytoconstituents present in these seeds are dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone, thymoquinone and thymol. Among these thymoquinone has anti-tumor activity against various types of cancers. Thymoquinone has poor bioavailability and so to overcome that physiological barricade targeted drug delivery system was approached through nanocarriers to enhance the site specific treatment [7].
Nutrition in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: review
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021
Clinical and statistically significant reduction in FBS and HbA1c levels following Nigella sativa ingestion with either form provided strong evidence for the incorporation of N. sativa as part of treatment in diabetes. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of N. sativa on glycaemia suggested amelioration of pancreatic β-cells resulting in insulin secretion, diminishing hepatic gluconeogenesis (Fararh et al.2004) and inducing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue (Benhaddou-Andaloussi et al.2008). These effects are attributable to active ingredients of N. sativa (e.g. thymoquinone(TQ), dithymoquinone, linoleic acid, and oleic acid) (Fararh et al.2010), although limited research has been done in this respect. It has been reported that the thymoquinone administration to STZ-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats revealed hypoglycaemic benefits (Pari and Sankaranarayanan 2009).
Protective effect of Nigella sativa oil against acetamiprid induced reproductive toxicity in male rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
Rachid Mosbah, Zouhir Djerrou, Alberto Mantovani
In the current research, the co-administration of NSO concomitantly with ACMP reversed markedly the adverse effect of ACMP to within control levels and this probably results from the antioxidant activities of its bioactive components. A study of Abdel-Daim and Ghazy (2015) has proved that N. sativa oil and ascorbic acid protect against oxytetracycline-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rabbits when used separately. In addition, both of them produced synergetic antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Other recent studies were performed on the antioxidant activity of essential oil of N. sativa and its effect on antioxidant enzyme status (Ammari et al.2012, Alenzi et al.2013, Haron et al.2014, Ahmad and Beg 2016). It is found that thymoquinone (TQ), carvacrol, 4- terpineol, anethol, dithymoquinone, and thymol have proper radical scavenging properties. It appears also, that thymoquinone (the major active constituent of seed oil extract) in turn exhibits cerebral, renal, liver and cardiac protective effect against many xenobiotics through its antioxidant action and ability to boost antioxidant enzymes activities in animals (Mohamadin et al.2010).