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Chemical Permeation through Disposable Gloves
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
The use of disinfectants is widespread in healthcare for cleaning surfaces and objects, sterilizing instruments, and skin disinfection. Gloves are to be used for preventing contact with disinfectants, as they may cause allergic and irritant reactions.21–25 Common agents in disinfectants are ethyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol (isopropyl alcohol), formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine gluconate, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and povidone-iodine. The use of hydro-alcoholic gels with gloves, and its relevance to infection control and COVID-19, are discussed further in Chapter 27.
Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Routine cleaning of non-individual contact surfaces and equipment such as telephones and keyboards can be carried out using general purpose neutral detergent (wipes or solution plus disposable cloth). Based on the premise that all people have the potential to be colonised/infected by pathogenic organisms, to make sure that reusable care-associated equipment and the person’s immediate environment are safe to use, disinfection is generally required. There are a large range of disinfectant wipes and solutions available but most ‘National’ guidance documents recommend cleaning with detergent followed by the use of a chlorine-based disinfectant (1000 ppm available chlorine) and disposable cloths for routine disinfection (e.g. DH 2020; PHE 2020a). There are a variety of products that contain both detergent and chlorine-releasing agent, i.e. Chlor-Clean, SoChlor, which reduce the time taken to disinfect an area/item. To safely disinfect surfaces contaminated by blood, a 10,000 ppm chlorine solution is required (i.e. Haztabs, Precept, Actichlor).
Diagnosis and Treatment Model of the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Hospital sections, rehab directors, and head nurses should strengthen the implementation of standard preventive measures and maintain ventilation management in isolation wards and rehabilitation treatment areas. Before entering the rehabilitation diagnosis and treatment area, check the body temperature of personnel. Medical staff should wear work clothes, strictly follow the requirements of the Hand Hygiene Regulations for Medical Staff, and wear medical protective masks (it is recommended to be replaced every 4 hours) and latex gloves. Protective measures such as contact isolation, droplet isolation, and air isolation are taken, and the protective equipment used by medical staff meets the requirements of national regulations. Medical staff must wear and take off protective equipment in strict accordance with the specifications. The medical instruments and appliances used by each patient should be cleaned and disinfected in accordance with the Technical Standards for Disinfection of Medical Institutions.
Fatty acids, esters, and biogenic oil disinfectants: novel agents against bacteria
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Aruna Lamba, Jonathan Kopel, David Westenberg, Shubhender Kapila
In recent years, there has been a growing need to develop new and safe antimicrobial agents against various microorganisms in medical devices, the food industry, and storage spaces.1 Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents applied to nonliving objects to destroy microorganisms through a process known as disinfection. Disinfectants are distinguished from antibiotics in that antibiotics destroy or inhibit microorganisms within the body while disinfectants destroy microorganisms on the surface on living tissue and inanimate objects. Furthermore, agents used to eliminate pathogens on the surface are classified as either disinfectants or sterilization. The two methods are distinguished by the presence or absence of an endospore. Specifically, disinfection is the removal of pathogens while leaving endospores in place, whereas sterilization is the total destruction of both endospores and pathogens. Disinfectants are abundantly used in hospital laboratories and other health care facilities to treat different surfaces.2
Optometry Australia’s infection control guidelines 2020
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Kerryn M Hart, Fiona Stapleton, Nicole Carnt, Luke Arundel, Ka-Yee Lian
Reprocessing of reusable equipment requires cleaning, followed by disinfection or sterilisation: Cleaning: removal of foreign material (e.g. organic material) from objects and is normally carried out using detergent, water and physical action.7 An object cannot be disinfected or sterilised unless it has been cleaned.Disinfection: process that inactivates non-sporing infectious agents, using either thermal (moist or dry heat) or chemical means.7 Disinfection can be either low-, intermediate- or high-level (Appendix Table A1).Sterilisation: destroys all micro-organisms on the surface of an instrument or device. Sterilisation is usually achieved through reprocessing of heat-resistant items using steam, although low-temperature sterilisation technology (chemical) is available for reprocessing heat and moisture-sensitive items.7
Viricidal treatments for prevention of coronavirus infection
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Manoj Khokhar, Dipayan Roy, Purvi Purohit, Manu Goyal, Puneet Setia
Coronaviruses are highly infectious, and novel coronavirus SARS CoV-2 has the menacing feature of longer persistence in the environment and various inanimate surfaces. Additionally, persistent lack of specific antiviral treatments makes it a challenging entity for the development of efficacious means of prevention. Under such alarming conditions, disinfection for personal hygiene as well as disinfection of various hospital areas, medical devices, and medical personnel protection is a primary modality of controlling the spread of this virus. Available antiseptic-disinfectants should be fundamentally and rigorously evaluated in this health crisis. However, few chemicals are efficient enough within a specific contact time and without toxicity. Formulations having the presence of multiple disinfectants may be considered. Among the major chemical formulations that can be useful, alcohol and chlorhexidine-based disinfectants and sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium chloride solutions are primary choices. These are tried and tested in various hospital settings and medical personnel use have shown robustness in viricidal action. An effective disinfection strategy used by healthcare service providers and by individuals has the potential to go a long way in fighting this global pandemic.