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The Future of Narcotic Addiction
Published in Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé, Psychiatric Aspects of Opiate Dependence, 2019
Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé
The fascinating subject of drug interaction between psyche and soma in the treatment of psychiatric disorders has given rise to an extensive literature, with a major chapter made up of the unique effect of the psychotomimetics. It has been their investigation under carefully controlled experimental conditions which has increasingly emphasized the possibility of their use in the treatment process. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline, dipropyltryptamine (DPT), and methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) have indicated their capacities for altering the conscious state in man by their effects on the perceptual, cognitive, and emotional states. LSD, per dose the most potent of these compounds, has probably received the greatest investigative study, particularly as a paradigm for making comparisons with the psychotic state and its investigation as a treatment form in psychiatric disorders.
CNS Stimulants And Hallucinogens
Published in S.J. Mulé, Henry Brill, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drug Dependence, 2019
What psychedelic drugs exist besides LSD? There are the tryptamine derivatives; psilocybin, psilocin, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), diethyltryp-tamine, and dipropyltryptamine, as well as the phenethylamine, mescaline. Quite recently a large number of agents chemically related both to mescaline and amphetamine, most of which were first synthesized by Shulgin,26 have come into widespread use. Shulgin systematically varied substituents of the amphetamine analogue of mescaline and was able to greatly enhance potency on a milligram basis. Thus, DOM (STP) differs from the mescaline analogues only in the location of the methoxy group, yet is 50 times as potent as mescaline.
Hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder: a scoping review covering frequency, risk factors, prevention, and treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Marcus A. Doyle, Susan Ling, Leanna M.W. Lui, Paul Fragnelli, Kayla M. Teopiz, Roger Ho, Joshua D. Di Vincenzo, Joshua D. Rosenblat, Emily S. Gillissie, Danica Nogo, Felicia Ceban, Muhammad Youshay Jawad, Roger S. McIntyre
Currently, there are no recognized risk factors for HPPD. However, a number of factors have been associated with the development of HPPD. Evidence reporting on an association between the number of doses of a hallucinogen taken and the development of HPPD is mixed. One excluded observational study using a self-report style survey found the level of exposure to certain hallucinogens (i.e. LSD, lysergic acid amide, 2C-E, dextromethorphan, N,N-dipropyltryptamine) was a significant predictor of the frequency of HPPD symptoms [6]. Interestingly, excluded studies (i.e. conducted before the establishment of the phrase HPPD in the DSM) found no association between the number of reported ‘trips’ and HPPD onset [47]. Several cases of HPPD have been reported to occur after only one occasion of hallucinogen usage [8], while individuals in an excluded study have reported using LSD in the range of 20–100 times without developing any symptoms [47]. Results from the foregoing studies have led to the hypothesis that genetic factors may predispose individuals toward developing HPPD [22].