China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Rationale and technique of malaria control
Published in David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles, Essential Malariology, 2017
David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles
Classified by their chemical characteristics, the most common insecticides applied in public health practice are: petroleum oils and their derivatives;active constituents of flowers of pyrethrum (pyrethrins) or some newer synthetic compounds of this group (pyrethroids);chlorinated hydrocarbons: dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocydohexane (HCH) and dieldrin;organophosphorous insecticides: malathion, temephos etc.;carbamates: propoxur, carbaryl etc.;insect growth regulators: diflubenzuron, methoprene, pyriproxyfen.
Fleas (order Siphonaptera)
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2015
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Control Various insecticides such as diflubenzuron (inhibits egg development) and methoprene (results in infertile eggs) are useful indoors. Flea collars or oral medications may be used to inhibit flea activity on pets. Keeping areas in the home and outside, where livestock are kept, free from debris is beneficial. Regular vacuuming, for instance, can eliminate most adult fleas in the home. Baking soda can be used to dehydrate and kill fleas.
The biology of parasites from the genus Argulus and a review of the interactions with its host
Published in G. F. Wiegertjes, G. Flik, Host-Parasite Interactions, 2004
Peter D. Walker, Gert Flik, Sjoerd E. Wendelaar Bonga
In addition to the chemical treatments available scientists are constantly examining new methods that may prove cost-effective and more importantly today, environmentally friendly. The use of invertebrate developmental inhibitors (IDIs) is now under review for the treatment of fish ectoparasites. For example, Williams (1997) recently examined the effectiveness of a chitin-inhibiting treatment (Diflubenzuron) for the treatment of Argulus infestations and particularly the success from oral administration of these chemicals. Whilst the results showed some effect against the parasite the study was not conclusive. Combining the drug with the fish feed in a way that proved palatable for the fish and viable as a treatment proved to be the main difficulty.
Synthesis and screening of kojic acid derivatives for their bio-efficacy against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Simmi Sharma, Kajal Kaliya, Nandita Chauhan, Shudh Kirti Dolma, S. G. Eswara Reddy, Sushil K. Maurya
Kojic acid (KA) has a pyranone motif in its structure, an integral part of a broad range of naturally occurring alkaloids and biologically active molecules (Matsumura et al.1998, Kamino et al.2003, Caturla et al.2006). KA and its derivatives have shown antimicrobial (Liu et al.2014), antibacterial (Emami et al.2013), antileukemic (Bransova et al.1995), and antifungal (Kim et al. 2012, Wei and Ji 2016) activities. KA has a broad range of applications in the food, cosmetic, medicine, chemical, and agriculture industries. KA is used as an additive in the food industry to avoid undesirable browning of food materials (Burdock et al.2001). It is used in cosmetic industries as a skin whitening agent (Lin et al.2007). Kojic acid and some of its derivatives also possess pesticide activities (Uher et al.1994). Lately, the use of kojic acid to control insects is also reported (Saeedi et al.2019). On the other hand, Benzoylphenyl urea’s (BPUs) are substantially used for insect control, which inhibits chitin synthesis in the larval stages of Lepidopteron insects (Dandana et al.2012, Li et al.2013, Zhihong et al.2014). Some benzoyl urea’s used as insecticides are diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, and chlorfluazuron (Dandana et al.2012) (Figure 1).
Monitoring of pesticides residues in soil samples from the southern districts of Jordan in 2016/2017
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Mohammed H. Kailani, Tawfiq M. Al-Antary, Mahmoud A. Alawi
Table 4 shows concentrations, median, and range of the found pesticide residues in Ma’an soil samples. Twenty-four pesticides were detected in the analyzed soil samples. In addition, there were five pesticides present in relatively high residue concentrations (mg/kg) compared with the remained detected ones in the Ma’an soil samples which were cultivated at that time with different vegetables such as broad beans, tomatoes, aubergines (eggplants), cucumber, apples, olives, cauliflowers, apricots, and beans. These detected pesticides were 2,4-dimethylphenyl-N-methylfrmamidone (3.88), oxyluorfen (4.04), fenarimol (2.71), cypermethrin (1.41), and diflubenzuron (1.20). Oxyluorfen is a contact and selective pre- and post-emergent herbicide to control annual broadleaf and grassy weeds in vegetables, cereals, fruits, and on non-crop areas. It has a strong tendency to be adsorbed on soil particles and highly resistant to degradation in the soil environment. Its soil half-life in the field studied was 30–70 days (Meister 1992). Fenarimol is a systemic fungicide used to control powdery mildew and other plant diseases in Jordan and globally (Al-Antary 1996, Jorgensen 2012). Diflubenzuron is a contact insect growth regulator and able to control wide range of insects (Al-Antary 1996). Large particles of diflubenzuron have a half-life of 8–16 weeks in soil (FAO 1981). Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide able to kill several agricultural and public health insects (Al-Antary 1996). It is easily degraded on soil and plants but can be effective for weeks when applied to indoor surfaces (Ecobichon 1993).
Larvicidal and pupicidal evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Aquilaria sinensis and Pogostemon cablin essential oils against dengue and zika viruses vector Aedes albopictus mosquito and its histopathological analysis
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Hassan Ga’al, Hatem Fouad, Guofeng Mao, Jiaxin Tian, Mo Jianchu
Mosquito control is a critical element in preventing the outbreaks of mosquitoborne diseases. The application of synthetic insecticides, such as organophosphates and pyrethroids, and insect growth regulators, such as diflubenzuron and methoprene, are currently major tools for mosquito control [8]. However, these options have created many health and environmental issues, such as expanding resistance, disturbance of the ecosystem's natural control mechanisms and non-target organism toxicity and impact on aquatic species [1]. In order to deal with these challenges, effective and eco-friendly control methods for mosquito vectors are urgently required.