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Novel and Traditional Club Substances’ Association to Psychopathological and Medical Sequelae
Published in Ornella Corazza, Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2018
Giovanni Martinotti, Cristina Merino del Villar, Raffaele Giorgetti, Fabrizio Schifano, Massimo Di Giannantonio
The NPS we asked about were the following: synthetic cannabinoids (Spice drugs), synthetic cathinones (mephedrone, methylone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone [MDPV], alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone [α-PVP]), methamphetamine (ice-shaboo-crystal meth), ayahuasca, phenethylamines (Nbome-Fly-Solaris), Salvia divinorum, kratom, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), methoxetamine (Special M), and desomorphine (Krokodil).
Association between drug use and ART use among people living with HIV who inject drugs in Vietnam, Ukraine and Indonesia: results from HPTN 074
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2022
Tran Viet Ha, Irving F. Hoffman, William C. Miller, Katie R. Mollan, Kathryn E. Lancaster, Paul Richardson, Oleksandr Zeziulin, Zubairi Djoerban, Teerada Sripaipan, Viet Anh Chu, Xu Guo, Brett Hanscom, Vivian F. Go
The dependent outcome variable was self-reported ART use among participants at 26 and 52-week visits. Independent variables were self-reported drug use patterns at baseline, including the type and number of drugs used in the last 3 months and the number of days injected drugs in the previous month at baseline. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) categorization of drug use was applied to create three variables of drug use: 1) Number of injected/non-injected opiates (including heroin, opium, Buprenorphine, illegally manufactured methadone, homemade opioids and desomorphine, codeine, Subutex); 2) Number of injected/non-injected stimulants (including amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, short and long action stimulants, Spices, spice, vint (pervitin), vint (pezisibin); and 3) Number of injected/non-injected other drugs (non-opiate and non-stimulant drugs, including marijuana, ketamine and benzodiazepines, central nervous system depressants and other drugs as indicated in each study site) (Shah & McCann, 2011). Each of these three variables contained two subgroups (0–1 drug versus >1 drugs). The number of days injected any types of drug were categorized into two groups (injected < 20 days in the last month and ≥ 20 days in the last month).
Construct validity and reproducibility of the Prescription Opioid Misuse And Abuse Questionnaire (POMAQ)
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
Karin S. Coyne, Alexandra I. Barsdorf, Brooke M. Currie, Stephen F. Butler, John T. Farrar, Jean-Yves Mazière, Renee F. Pierson, Harry J. Fisher, Ali A. Bukhari, Sidney H. Schnoll
Among patients with stable chronic pain, the test–retest reliability for all POMAQ questions was high (>90%) for all but three questions (i.e. taking less opioids [item 3], taking more opioids [item 4], and visiting more than one pharmacy [item 11]). PABAK values were very good (>0.80) for all but the same three questions (though these PABAK values were still good and ranged from 0.640 [item 3] to 0.755 [item 11]). For non-multi-response questions, the percentage agreement ranged between 82% (i.e. taking less opioids) and 100% (questions regarding stolen opioids, using a fake or stolen prescription, or stealing a prescription pad). For multi-response items, test-retest reliability was again excellent, with per cent agreement ranging between 84.9% (antihistamines) and 99.3% (barbiturates) for item 7 (i.e. medications prescribed in the past year). Similarly, for POMAQ item 9 (i.e. “street” drugs used in the past year), per cent agreement ranged between 87.8% (none) and 100% (hashish, synthetic cannabis, anabolic steroids, amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, MDMA, GHB, flunitrazepam, dextromethorphan, phencyclidine, ketamine, inhalants, LSD, mescaline, 5-MeO-DMT, psilocybin, substituted phenethylamine, prescription-strength cough syrup, heroin, opium, and desomorphine).
De-novo identification of specific exposure biomarkers of the alternative plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) after low oral dosage to male volunteers by HPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS
Published in Biomarkers, 2018
Frederik Lessmann, Daniel Bury, Tobias Weiss, Heiko Hayen, Thomas Brüning, Holger M. Koch
Previously published Orbitrap-based LC-HRMS metabolite screening studies were often based on the comparison between human in vitro and animal in vivo data and high administration concentrations or doses (Mardal et al. 2016, Andra et al. 2017). For example Richter et al. (2016) investigated the metabolic fate of the illicit drug desomorphine comparing rat urine, human liver microsomes, and human liver cell lines. The differences in the metabolic patterns observed could be ascribed to inter species differences and limitations of in vitro models. To avoid these limitations and hence rule out possibly false conclusions, we intended to re-examine the urine samples of a human oral metabolism study previously conducted by our group (Lessmann et al. 2016b) in search of new specific metabolites probably being suitable as additional biomarkers of DEHTP exposure, including the confirmation of already identified metabolites in a proof-of-principle approach.