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Global Regulation of Preservatives and Cosmetic Preservatives
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
This FM deferred status on three active ingredients to allow for submission of additional safety/efficacy data. These are: Alcohol 60–95% (must be denatured alcohol)Isopropyl alcohol 70–91.3%Benzalkonium chloride (no level is listed; however, previous levels allowed are 0.1–0.13%)
Alcohols and glycols*
Published in Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach, Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach
Methanol (methyl or wood alcohol) is used as an antifreeze, a paint remover, a solvent in shellac and varnish, in chemical synthesis, and as a denaturant in denatured alcohol. Preparations containing ethanol denatured with methanol and other chemicals appear to have greater toxicity than can be explained by their content of methanol and ethanol. For example, Solox (which contains approximately 5% methanol, 1% gasoline, 1% ethyl acetate, and 1% methylisobutylketone in ethanol) has caused severe hypoglycemia in addition to the usual findings from ethanol and methanol intoxication.
Unintended consequences of local alcohol restrictions in rural Alaska
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2018
“They must be real desperate,” the woman said to me as she shook her head. She was talking about substance misuse in her community in Alaska and how people sometimes ingest Lysol disinfectant spray to get drunk. The thought of ingesting disinfectant spray was repugnant and almost unbelievable to her, but she wanted to communicate that she understood the desperation of addiction. She was one of the first community members to share perspectives on inhalant use in rural Alaska as part of a federally funded study to test community approaches to prevent misuse among youth. But residents also wanted to testify about the local misuse, primarily by adults, of denatured alcohol when food-grade alcohol is difficult to obtain in communities that have passed local option restrictions. Denatured alcohol by definition has been made unsuitable for human consumption with the addition of chemicals. Due to community input, products containing denatured alcohol became an additional focus of the study beyond inhalants. Despite the fact that the study’s concentration on youth precluded a deeper inquiry into the misuse of surrogate alcohol among adults in communities with local option restrictions in Alaska, 68 initial project interviews with 72 key leaders in eight communities in the northwest of the state where most communities have enacted alcohol restrictions did illuminate patterns of legal, illegal, and legally ambiguous alcohol use in the region.
COVID-19 decontamination procedures for photographic equipment in a secondary care setting
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2020
Timothy Zoltie, Katie Owen, Alessandro Devigus, Sharon Kelly
Initial correspondence with Nikon support recommended the sole use of denatured alcohol, however this has been found to contain chemicals that may leave behind residue after the ethanol has evaporated (Bell-Young, 2020). Nikon professional services were approached to clarify their guidance, and instead recommended the use of 99.9% Isopropyl alcohol. In this concentration, it takes a greater time to act and doesn’t kill as many bacteria as 70% IPA but evaporates faster and is more suitable for sensitive electronics (Lab Pro, 2020). While IPA is a low-level disinfectant, it is suitable as a standard infection control precaution.