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Honey and Its Immunostimulatory Activities
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Royal jelly is utilised in the feasting of queen bees and larvae as an exceptional nutrient, which is released from the mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands of worker bees (Matsuoka et al., 2012; Strant et al., 2019). Royal jelly is one of the bee products having a somewhat complicated structure. In its constitution, elements that target numerous identified and unidentified biological mechanisms play a significant role in the biomedical outcome of the royal jelly (Stocker et al., 2005). Royal jelly is enriched with vitamins, proteins, hormones, minerals, sugars and fatty acids needed for the evolution of the larvae. It comprises lipids (3–6%), minerals (3–8%), carbohydrates (9–18%), protein (18%), water (60–70%), salt and vitamins; it also consists of various bioactive compounds that have immunity-boosting properties, such as peptides and 10-HDA (10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid) (Margaoan et al., 2017; Premratanachai & Chanchao, 2014; Strant et al., 2019). An RCT study has stated that royal jelly is found to be beneficial in decreasing the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (Taavoni et al., 2014). Another randomised controlled clinical study described the efficacy of royal jelly in the management of problems of the urinary tract and for enhancing the quality of life in postmenopausal women (Seyyedi et al., 2016).
Animal Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Unlike honey, royal jelly is a rich source of proteins, peptides, amino acids, and fatty acids (132, 141–144). Fresh royal jelly is a solution containing 60–70% of water with pH ranging between 3.6 and 4.2 (132, 142). Proteins are the dominant ingredient of royal jelly (50% of its dry matter). More than 80% of royal jelly proteins are soluble proteins. Carbohydrates, vitamins, lipids, minerals, flavonoids, polyphenols, as well as several biologically active substances are also present (132, 161–162) Sugars mainly constituted of glucose and fructose comprise 7.5–15% of royal jelly content. Lipids constitute 7–18% of royal jelly content. The most prominent royal jelly fatty acids in order are 10-hydroxydecanoic acid, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, and sebacic acid (132). In addition, royal jelly contains different amino acids, organic acids, steroids, esters, phenols, sugars, minerals, trace elements, and other constituents (132, 141). The composition of royal jelly varies with seasonal and regional conditions. Royalisin and jelleines are two royal jelly antimicrobial peptides that enhance efficiency of the immune response of bee larvae to various infections (132). Its antioxidant potency is due to the presence of some polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids. Royal jelly is rich in pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), niacin, and nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and contains small amounts of various B group vitamins (132).
Medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop
In our experience, the exceptional patient who developed hypoglycemia after shorter periods of fasting, was a young infant who developed multiple episodes during infancy. The occurrence of SIDS is of course another exception to the expected course [46–48], and fatal neonatal presentation has been reported [6] in an infant with hypoglycemia and normal levels of free carnitine who had severe lipid cardiomyopathy at autopsy. GCMS of the liver in patients with SIDS has yielded cis-4 decenoic acid (C10:1) in each of four infants found to have had MCAD deficiency [47]. The prognosis for survival appears to be particularly bad for those with a neonatal presentation, although overall mortality in the first episode may be as high as 60 percent [46]. In patients surviving to diagnosis, the prognosis is good. Physical and intellectual development may be normal, although abnormal psychometric tests of development were surprisingly frequent in the survivors reported by Iafolla et al. [19, 20]. We expect that the incidence of normality will be high in those infants detected through routine screening such tests.
Dietary inclusion of royal jelly modulates gene expression and activity of oxidative stress enzymes in zebrafish
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Ercüment Aksakal, Deniz Ekinci, Claudiu T. Supuran
The unique feature of royal jelly is due to the C8-C12 hydroxy group and dicarboxylic fatty acids7,8. It is known that 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA), the essential unsaturated fatty acid of royal jelly, has various pharmacological effects such as antibiotic7, antitumoral9, antioxidative5,10 and hypoglycaemic activities11. 10-HDA is used to distinguish and determine the freshness, quality and specificity of royal jelly. 9-hydroxy-2E-decanoic acid (9-HDA) in royal jelly can be considered as a metabolite of 9-oxo-2E-decenoic acid (9-ODA) produced by worker bees12. This compound is a well-known semi-chemical that has important functions such as the recognition of the queen bee and the prevention of ovarian development of worker bees for the maintenance of the class system in honeybee colonies.
Biofilm and Quorum Sensing inhibitors: the road so far
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2020
Simone Carradori, Noemi Di Giacomo, Martina Lobefalo, Grazia Luisi, Cristina Campestre, Francesca Sisto
Starting from the lipopolysaccharide nature of the microbial biofilms and the ability of fatty acids to disperse preformed biofilms (e.g. cis-2-decenoic acid at 125 μg/mL) [21], the inventors proposed the synthesis of cyclopropane-containing fatty acids resembling the structure of short fatty acids as diffusible signaling factors in bacteria (Figure 4) [22]. The cyclopropane ring was inserted in the position of the double bond of the corresponding monounsaturated fatty acid. These compounds should be able to revert ‘persister’ cells into metabolically active bacteria and thus enhancing the antimicrobial activity of clinically used agents (amikacin, tetracycline, levofloxacin). In addition, they can be linked covalently to biomaterials (chitosan, chitin) in different ratios in order to produce a coated surface where the formation of biofilm is inhibited. Biofilm dispersion measurements were carried out in media containing S. aureus and P. aeruginosa colonies adding after 24 h up to 250 μg/mL of each compound.
New Findings on Biological Actions and Clinical Applications of Royal Jelly: A Review
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Mozafar Khazaei, Atefe Ansarian, Elham Ghanbari
RJ is composed mainly of important compounds with biological and health-promoting activities such as proteins, lipids, sugars, vitamins, minerals, and free amino acids (Nakajima et al., 2009). RJ contains vitamins such as riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, folic acid, biotin, and pyridoxine and smaller amounts of vitamins C, D, A, and E (Nagai and Inoue, 2004). Moreover, calcium, sodium, potassium, copper, iron, zinc, and manganese are the main minerals in RJ (Ramadan and Al-Ghamdi, 2012). One of the main bioactive compounds of RJ is 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10HDA), an unsaturated fatty acid that is only found in RJ in nature. The different biological activities of RJ depend on the type of cell (Fujii et al., 1990; Oka et al., 2001); for example, its HDA has important anticancer activity (Yang et al., 2010).