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Preservation and Preservatives
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
DMDM hydantoin is highly water-soluble (it is usually supplied as a 55% aqueous solution) and should be added to the product at temperatures below 40°C to avoid decomposition. It retains its activity over a broad pH range, from pH 3 to 9. Typical use concentrations are 0.15–0.4%.
Dermatotoxicology of the vulva
Published in Miranda A. Farage, Howard I. Maibach, The Vulva, 2017
Christina Y. Wang, Howard I. Maibach
In a study of 135 vulvar skin symptomatic patients’ patch test results, 47% had at least one positive reaction and 29% had a clinically relevant positive result (39). In another study of 50 women with vulvar skin pruritus, 52% had at least one positive patch test, with 16% having one or more relevant allergic positive reactions. Common allergens included cosmetics, medications, and preservatives (36). Fragrance mix positive patch testing occurred in 11%, with clinical improvement of vulvar dermatitis when perfumed products were avoided, such as scented feminine hygiene products. Another 11% of positive patch tests were to product preservatives formaldehyde and its releasers, such as quaternium-15 and 1,3-dimethylol-5-5-dimethylhydantoin (DMDM) hydantoin, which are found in creams and hygiene products applied in vulvar and other areas (49).
Undeclared formaldehyde levels in patient consumer products: formaldehyde test kit utility
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Jason E. Ham, Paul D. Siegel, Howard Maibach
Several studies have identified additional hydrolysis products from formaldehyde releasers. (4-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidine-4-yl)-urea (HU), (3,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidine-4-yl)-urea (BHU) were as major decomposition products in cosmetics from both diazolidinyl urea and imidazolidinyl urea11,12. The authors suggested that patch testing with HU and BHU should be performed, but provided no data with respect to the allergenicity of these compounds. Kireche et al. (2010) reported that DMDM hydantoin was directly reactive toward amino acids, while the bronopol and methenamine breakdown products, bromoethanol and diaminomethane, respectively, were amino acid reactive13. Bronopol is a known contact allergen14, and while we found no reports of diaminomethane allergy, diaminoethane (ethylenediamine) is a known contact allergen15. This suggest potential non-formaldehyde protein haptenation/allergic contact dermatitis products containing these formaldehyde releasers.
Topical lotions utilized in outpatient rehabilitation clinics as a potential source of bacterial contamination
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2019
Henry G. Spratt, David Levine, Julie Bage, David K. Giles, A. Grace Collier
A review of Material Safety Data Sheets linked to PB, PCB, and FU lotions indicates that a variety of different parabens, benzoate, and DMDM hydantoin are included in the product formulations as preservatives. These are all common preservatives added to cosmetics (Hill, 1995). However, data on the actual concentrations of these agents in the lotions is lacking. Although we do not know the actual concentration of propylparaben added to the GelShot gel packs, this preservative did prove to be antimicrobial against S. aureus. The only inhibition of any bacterial growth we obtained for all lotions or gels tested here was found for the GelShot gel packs. In the current study, three lotions tested here (PB, PCB, and FU) showed no inhibition of target bacterial species and even supported the growth of bacterial pure cultures in enrichment cultures, suggesting that additional attention to the concentrations and types of preservatives present in lotions should occur.