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BioMEMS Devices for Tissue Engineering
Published in Naznin Sultana, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Chin Fhong Soon, Tissue Engineering Strategies for Organ Regeneration, 2020
Although controversial results were reported for cell proliferation, most of studies found that micro-textured surface led to a decrease in proliferation (Ni et al. 2009). The patterned surfaces also influence cell differentiation. Osteogenic responses of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were compared on square-patterned, inverse square-patterned, and planar titanium, chromium, diamond-like carbon (DLC), and tantalum (Kaivosoja et al. 2013). Early-marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) reached highest values on both patterned titanium samples. Presence of hydroxyapatite showed that both types of patterning promoted (p < 0.001) osteogenesis compared to planar samples. Therefore, micro-patterned interface is believed to provide physical differentiation cues to enhance stem cell differentiation.
Acute Lung Injury In Children Due To Chemical And Physical Agents
Published in Lourdes R. Laraya-Cuasay, Walter T. Hughes, Interstitial Lung Diseases in Children, 2019
Reported hematological complications of near-drowning include hemoconcentration (sea water cases), coagulopathy, and hemolysis (fresh water victims). These problems are not usually clinically significant, but an occasional patient (fresh or sea water victim) may demonstrate hemoconcentration from fluid exudation into the lungs.73 Coagulopathy may occur, especially with hypothermia, and may present with a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DlC)-like picture.90, 91 Hemolysis has been demonstrated in animals88 and in several human fresh water near-drowning victims (these patients had evidence of hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and other minor urinary abnormalities as well).92-94
Injuries of the spine
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
The SLIC scoring system (Table 28.3) incorporates three main characteristics: Morphology of the injury – This is based on the available imaging, and consists of compression, distraction and translation/rotation of the vertebral bodies.Discoligamentous complex (DLC) – This considers the integrity of the intervertebral disc, anterior and posterior ligamentous structures. They are defined as disrupted, intact and indeterminate. The DLC is considered directly proportional to stability.Neurological status of the patient – This is linked with the severity of the injury.
pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles of mPEG-PLGA-PGlu with hybrid core for simultaneous encapsulation of curcumin and doxorubicin to kill the heterogeneous tumour cells in breast cancer
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Jian-Dong Yuan, De-Li ZhuGe, Meng-Qi Tong, Meng-Ting Lin, Xia-Fang Xu, Xing Tang, Ying-Zheng Zhao, He-Lin Xu
The loading content (DL) and entrapment efficiency (EE) of drug-loaded nanoparticles were determined by HPLC assay after destroying the nanoparticles. Briefly, 100 μL drug-loaded nanoparticles was added to 3 ml acetonitrile in a volumetric flask, and further sonicated to destroy the nanoparticle. After filtration through a membrane with pore size of 0.8 μmm, the filtrate was detected by HPLC (Hitachi L-2130 pump, L-2400 UV-Vis spectrophotometer). HPLC condition was listed as follow: Eclipse XDB-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile-water (60:40, v/v); flow speed of 1.0 ml/min; detect waver at 210 nm; column temperature of 25 °C. The drug-loading content, DLC(%) and the drug-loading efficiency, DLE (%) were calculated by the following equations, respectively. DLC% = weight of the drug in nanoparticles/(weight of the feeding polymer + weight of drug) × 100%; DLE% = (weight of the practical drug in nanoparticles/weight of the feeding drug) × 100%.
Surface modification of ureteral stents: development history, classification, function, and future developments
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Kaiguo Xia, Xudong Shen, Xiaojie Ang, Bingbing Hou, Yang Chen, Kaiping Zhang, Zongyao Hao
Early studies of anti-encrustation coatings include heparin coatings, degrading enzyme coatings, phosphatidylchoyl coatings, and diamond-like carbon coatings. Heparin has strong electronegativity that repels cellular organisms and is a good anti-encrusting stent coating[61]. Hildebrandt P [62] et al. conducted reproducible in vitro and in vivo experiments using rats as an animal model and found that heparin coating could significantly reduce the surface crusting of stents. Phosphatidylcholine has good hydrophilicity, chemical stability, and anti-cell adhesion ability. Stickler D J [42] et al. placed phosphatidylcholine-coated stents and uncoated stents in the ureter of 44 patients for 12 weeks and found that the formation of crusts on the coated stents rate dropped significantly. Stent encrustation’s main component is calcium oxalate, some scholars have considered adding oxalate-degrading enzyme coating on the stent surface to prevent stent encrustation. Watterson J D [28] et al. applied a mixed solution of oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase (OXC), formyl-CoA transferase (FRC), and coenzyme A on the surface of the stent, and then placed the coated and uncoated stents in the rabbit bladder respectively, it was found that the encrustation of the coated stent was significantly reduced. Diamond-like carbon has high mechanical hardness and chemical inertness, as well as certain ability to prevent bacterial adhesion. Laube N [43] et al. applied the diamond-like carbon coating to the surface of the ureteral stent by plasma deposition technology and conducted clinical experiments, and found that the diamond-like carbon coating can effectively reduce stent friction, crusting tendency, and biofilm formation.
Assessment of the optimal timing for early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: a prospective study of the Club Coelio
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2019
L. Brunée, P. Hauters, J. Closset, G. Fromont, S. Puia-Negelescu
The value of early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis was well established in the pre-laparoscopic era. At the beginning of the 1990s, acute cholecystitis was considered as a contraindication for laparoscopic treatment when the delay between onset of symptoms and surgery was >72 h. Nowadays, ELC is the gold standard treatment for acute cholecystitis irrespectively of the duration of symptoms. However, based on the findings of our study, we do not recommend performing ELC beyond 7 days of symptoms. On the other hand, a comparative study is mandatory to determine if DLC could be a better option in that specific subgroup of patients.