China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Optical Nanoprobes for Diagnosis
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
R. G. Aswathy, D. Sakthi Kumar
In Type I nanoconstructs, the polymeric matrix is covalently integrated to ‘Cy’ analogs of cyanine NIRF dye group (Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy7). Among the cyanine NIRF dye family, Cy5.5 has been widely studied for optical imaging. Some of the Type I nanoconstructs include Cy5-PLA NPs, Cy5.5-PEI, Cy5.5-glycol-chitosan, Cy5.5-PEG, and Cy7-polymethylmethacrylate copolymer [186, 189–195]. The influence of molecular weight of PNPs was studied with glycol-chitosan NPs conjugated with Cy5.5 of various sizes 20 kDa–231 nm, 100 kDa–271 nm, and 250 kDa–310 nm on in vivo imaging. Upon intravenous administration of NPs to nude mice with subcutaneous SCC7 tumors, researchers observed enhanced blood circulation time for 250 kDa NPs and it sustained for about 3 days than with 20KDa and 100KDa NPs [192]. The study signifies that 250 kDa NPs were 4.1- and 2.4-times superior to 20 kDa and 100 kDa, respectively. Thus, NIRF-polymeric NPs can be used for imaging applications and for studying the basics of performance of NPs in physiological environments.
Role of Transport in Chemically-Induced Nephrotoxicity *
Published in Robin S. Goldstein, Mechanisms of Injury in Renal Disease and Toxicity, 2020
As noted above, for cephalosporins which are transported well into proximal tubular cells and exit readily, a minimal toxicity is seen. Similarly, cephalosporins which are not transported well into proximal tubular cells show little toxicity. Data from studies with cyanine 863 complicate this picture somewhat. However, the potentiating effect of cyanine 863 (a known inhibitor of organic cation transport) suggests that an action of cyanine is being exerted on the luminal side of the proximal tubular cell. Although cephaloridine leaves the proximal tubular cell slowly, its departure may be related to an action of the cation exchanger, and this is blocked by cyanine 863.
Small Animal Imaging and Therapy
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
In optical imaging, two phenomena (fluorescence and bioluminescence) are used to produce light originating from tissues, which is then monitored by a common CCD camera and recorded for processing. Typically, molecules are labeled with fluorescent moieties (i.e., cyanine-based Cy3 or Cy5 dyes), injected to the biological system, and their biodistribution is followed in vivo using 2D or 3D optical system scanners. Another method uses transfection of cells with a gene (i.e., green fluorescence protein [GFP] gene), which can be used to study cell function in vivo. Despite the clear advantages of fluorescence imaging, such as relatively easy usability, high throughput, inexpensive, and lack of ionizing radiation, its clinical translation is limited by reduced depth of penetration (in millimeters), surface reflectance, absorption (i.e., by hemoglobin), scattering, and autofluorescence. On the other hand, bioluminescence is more sensitive and is not affected by surface reflectance or scattering, although it still suffers from limited penetration depth. All of these disadvantages practically excluded optical techniques from clinical whole-body 3D imaging and limited their use to only local investigations including image-guided surgery applications or postmortem tissue analyses (Lee et al. 2012).
Acetylcholine regulates the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via the CD4+ cells proliferation and differentiation
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2020
Linli Zhou, Xiuli Lin, Xiaomeng Ma, Yingying Liu, Lili Ma, Zhaoyu Chen, Hao Chen, Lei Si, Xiaohong Chen
To assess the degree of inflammation and demyelination in CNS, histopathological examination was performed at day 21 p.i. in a blinded fashion. All groups were anesthetized and perfused with ice-cold PBS, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde from the left ventricle. Spinal cords were removed. Tissues were then embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for revealing inflammatory infiltration. Solochrome cyanine technique was used for myelin staining. The scale used to evaluate for inflammation was as follows [16,17]: 0, no inflammatory cells; 1, a few scattered inflammatory cells; 2, organization of inflammatory infiltrates around blood vessels; 3, extensive perivascular cuffing with extension into adjacent parenchyma or parenchymal infiltration without obvious cuffing. Demyelination in the spinal cords was scored as previously described [18]: 1, traces of subpial demyelination; 2, marked subpial and perivascular demyelination; 3, confluent perivascular or subpial demyelination; 4, massive perivascular and subpial demyelination involving one half of the spinal cord with presence of cellular infiltrates in the CNS parenchyma; 5, extensive perivascular and subpial demyelination involving the whole cord section with presence of cellular infiltrates in the CNS parenchyma.
Applying a multiscale systems biology approach to study the effect of chronic low-dose exposure to uranium in rat kidneys
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019
Stéphane Grison, Dimitri Kereselidze, David Cohen, Céline Gloaguen, Christelle Elie, Philippe Lestaevel, Audrey Legendre, Line Manens, Baninia Habchi, Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud, Georges Tarlet, Fabien Milliat, Jean-Charles Martin, Jean-Marc Lobaccaro, Maâmar Souidi
Each experimental group (control and NU-contaminated) was differentially labeled by Cyanine 3-CTP (Cy3) or Cyanine 5-CTP (Cy5). Labeled RNAs were hybridized on SurePrint G3 8 × 60 K microarrays (Agilent Technologies) at 65 °C for 17 h in an Agilent Microarray hybridization chamber rotating at 10 rpm, according to the manufacturer's protocol for two-color microarray-based gene expression analysis, low input quick amp labeling, version 6.9.1. Slices were scanned with the DNA Microarray Scanner SureScan (Agilent Technologies). Fluorescent signal intensities for each microarray spot were extracted and quantified by using Feature Extraction software V 10.7.3.1 (Agilent Technologies).
Preparation of poly-l -lysine-based nanoparticles with pH-sensitive release of curcumin for targeted imaging and therapy of liver cancer in vitro and in vivo
Published in Drug Delivery, 2018
Dae Hyeok Yang, Hyun Joo Kim, Kyeongsoon Park, Jae Kwang Kim, Heung Jae Chun
In the present study, we prepared NPs based on PLL as theranostic agents for CUR delivery to cancer cells (Figure 1). Deoxycholic acid (DOCA) was conjugated with PLL as a core for enhanced CUR encapsulation through hydrophobic interaction (PLL-DOCA). NPs were then PEGylated with methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) for stealth effect and coupled with cyanine 5.5 (cy5.5) for fluorescence imaging (PLL-DOCA-MPEG-cy5.5 NPs). The theranostic capacity of the CUR-loaded NPs (PLL-DOCA-MPEG-cy5.5/CUR NPs) was investigated using the human hepatoma Hep3B cell line in vitro and using a cancer-bearing mouse model in vivo.