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Alcohol, drugs, toxins and post-mortem toxicology
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
Colin Smith, Christopher Milroy
This disorder is seen in individuals with a variety of underlying disorders (Lampl and Yazdi 2002), although it is most commonly seen in people with chronic alcoholism. The disorder is thought to result from electrolyte abnormalities, with profound hyponatraemia being seen in most cases. Macroscopically, a pale region is identified in the centre of the basis pontis (Figure 19.5), and this corresponds to a region of pallor when examined microscopically with the Luxol fast blue (LFB)/cresyl violet stain (Figure 19.6). As with any demyelinating disorder, β-amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity may be seen in relation to the area of pontine demyelination (Medana and Esiri 2003). It is now recognised that extrapontine lesions are seen in approximately 10 per cent of cases (Singh et al. 2014), particularly in relation to the thalamus and striatum.
Neuroprotective effects of Foeniculum vulgare seeds extract on lead-induced neurotoxicity in mice brain
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
Sheharbano Bhatti, Syed Adnan Ali Shah, Touqeer Ahmed, Saadia Zahid
Histological assessment using Cresyl violet staining was carried out to investigate the extent of neurodegeneration. Animals were perfused according to the protocol described by Gage et al. (2012). Brains were dissected out and placed in 4% paraformaldehyde at 4 °C for 24 hrs. The brain tissues were then embedded in paraffin. After that cortical tissues section (4µ) were deparaffinized in xylene for 10 min followed by rehydration in 70% isopropanol for 10 min. Tissue sections were then washed in ddH2O for 5 min and dipped for 4 min in Cresyl violet stain. After washing with ddH2O and 70% ethanol, tissue sections were dried (2 hrs) and mounted with cover slips. The slides were visualized using an inverted microscope (Labomed, USA) at 10X and 40 X resolutions. Images were captured by Pixel Pro™ image analysis software (Labomed, USA).
Oral exposure to aluminum leads to reduced nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression, severe neurodegeneration and impaired hippocampus dependent learning in mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Syeda Mehpara Farhat, Aamra Mahboob, Touqeer Ahmed
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate AlCl3.6H2O (AL0770) was obtained from Scharlau, Spain. The compound had ≤0.005% total impurities of heavy metals such as Pb. The product was kept in air tight container in a well-ventilated area. Paraformaldehyde (PA0095100) and Cresyl Violet stain (229630250) were also obtained from Scharlau. Taq Polymerase, 10 mM dNTPs and RT enzyme were obtained from Fermentas® and Trireagent from Invitrogen®.
Inhibition of HDAC6 alleviating lipopolysaccharide-induced p38MAPK phosphorylation and neuroinflammation in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Yuanjian Song, Li Qin, Rongli Yang, Fan Yang, Nwobodo Alexander Kenechukwu, Xiaofang Zhao, Xiaoyan Zhou, Xiangru Wen, Lei Li
At least six independent animals were sampled for the immunoblotting and cresyl violet stain. A semi-quantitative analysis of the bands was performed using the Image J analysis software. All values were expressed as means ± SEM. The results were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a least significant difference (LSD) test or a Newman–Keuls test. p Values <0.05 were considered significant.