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Cancer Immunology of Syzygium cumini
Published in K. N. Nair, The Genus Syzygium, 2017
Sabira Mohammed, K. B. Harikumar
There were several studies on various pharmacological activities of S. cumini in the literature. However, very limited studies were reported for isolation of active principles from this plant. The bark extract has shown the presence of betulinic acid, which is a known anticancer and antiviral agent. Seeds were reported to contain different tannins and compounds, such as corilagin, jambosine, quercetin, gallic acid, kaempferol, and myricetin. Many of these compounds are known for their antioxidant potential and might be contributing to the radioprotective activity of S. cumini. Quercetin is a good suppressor of NF-kB signaling, which is involved in various inflammatory cascades leading to cancer initiation and progression. S. cumini is a rich source of various components having antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activity, which might contribute to the observed effects reported in this chapter. Further studies are required to completely characterize the lead compounds in this medicinal plant.
Structural Profiling of Bioactive Compounds with Medicinal Potential from Traditional Indian Medicinal Plants
Published in Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
C. Sareena, A. Anju Suresh, Swetha Sunil, T. V. Suchithra
Among 100 phytocompounds with multiple activities considered here, the most studied property is antimicrobial activity, and 75 compounds have been found as antimicrobial in nature. Out of them, 51 compounds show antibacterial properties while 25 compounds are antifungal in nature and only 2 compounds are known for their antiviral properties. Antibacterial compounds are acetic acid (Fraise et al., 2013), (Halstead et al., 2015), allicin (Ankri and Mirelman, 1999), azadirachtin (Sharma, Verma, and Ramteke, 2009), benzaldehyde (Jeyadevi et al., 2013), berberine (Domadia et al., 2008), β-caryophyllene (Tepe et al., 2005), beta sitosterol (Zhang et al., 2014), betulinic acid (Cowan, 1999), borneol (Tepe et al., 2005), camphor (Hamidpour et al., 2013), capsaicin (Kalia et al., 2012), carvacrol (Vasconcelos et al., 2017), chlorogenic acid (Chandramohan, Divya, and Dhanarajan, 2014), 1,8-cineole (Mann and Markham, 1998), cinnamaldehyde (Domadia et al., 2007), cinnamic acid (Cowan, 1999), citric acid (Papetti et al., 2013), citronellal (Nascimento et al., 2000), corilagin (Perumal Samy and Gopalakrishnakone, 2010), cuminaldehyde (Skariyachan, Mahajanakatti, et al., 2011), curcumin (Dipti Rai, Jay Kumar Singh, Nilanjan Roy, 2008), δ-cadinene (Zatelli et al., 2016), dichamanetin (Lock and Harry, 2008), emodin (Ji et al., 2017), eugenol (Devi et al., 2010), gallic acid (Stapleton et al., 2004), genistein (Abreu, McBain, and Simões, 2012), geranial (citral, neral) (Gupta et al., 2017), germacrene D (Zorica et al., 2014), glycyrrhizin (Naidu, Lalam, and Bobbarala, 2009), guaiacol (Asl and Hosseinzadeh, 2008), hederagenin (Liu et al., 2014), licoricidin (Nomura, Fukai, and Akiyama, 2002), linalool (Rajeswara Rao et al., 2002, linoleic acid. (Ji et al., 2005), 1, 4-naphthalenedione (Vinod, Haridas, and Sadasivan, 2010), nerol (geraniol) (Rajeswara Rao et al., 2002), p-cymene (Yangui et al., 2017), pectin (Atanasov, Waltenberger, and Pferschy-Wenzig, 2015), phenol (Cai et al., 2004), piperine (Mirza et al., 2011), punicalagin (Xu et al., 2017), pyrogallol (Bai et al., 2015), quercetin (Suriyanarayanan, Shanmugam, and Santhosh, 2013), quercitrin (Rahmatullah and Samarrai, et al., 2010), rutin (Jayaraman et al., 2010), sabinene (Alizadeh and Abdollahzadeh, 2017), tannic acid (Jacob and Khan, 2007), terpinene-4ol (Taha and Eldahshan, 2017), thymoquinone (Ryan, Rooney, and Ryan, 2005), totarol (Jaiswal et al., 2007), umbelliferone (Kayser and Kolodziej, 1999) and vanillic acid (Alves et al., 2013). While most of the phytocompounds showing antibacterial activity, comparatively lesser number exhibit antifungal activity namely, acetic acid, allicin, β-caryophyllene, cinnamaldehyde, citronellal, lapachol, licoricidin, p-cymene, rubiadin, trans-anethole. Even though 34 plants were studied for antiviral properties, only Azuline and Quercetin were found as antiviral agents.
Phytochemicals from Wild Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Argentina
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
María Paula Zunino, Andrés Ponce, Alejandra Omarini, Julio Alberto Zygadlo
A review about the use and phytochemistry of this species was conducted by Zunino et al. (2003), Tewari et al. (2017), and Kaur et al. (2017). The clinical evidence demonstrating the beneficial properties of P. niruri as immunomodulatory for the treatment of various infectious diseases were reviewed by Tjandrawinata et al. (2017). The anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potential effect was demonstrated by Kumar et al. (2019) for streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In northeastern Brazil, this species is used in infusion as abortive, or to treat urinary calculus, diabetes, loss of appetite, and cholecystitis (Magalhães et al. 2019). A 35 kDa herbal antioxidant protein molecule (PNP) was isolated and purified from this plant as therapeutic agents. The two active ingredients, phyllanthin and corilagin were isolated and characterized (Bhattacharyya et al. 2017). This PNP could confer protection against indomethacin (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) mediated hepatic oxidative impairments (Bhattacharyya et al. 2017). Moreover, the plant has long been used as a hepatoprotection and for treatment of hepatitis B. Li et al. (2017) showed that the ethanol fraction inhibited the growth of HBV-infected HepG2/C3A cells, and its active compound ellagic acid exerted a cytotoxic effect against those cells, but did not affect HBV replication. Baiguera et al. (2018) investigated the efficacy and safety of 12-month treatment with aqueous extract of P. niruri (250 mg, 10% lignans) in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. This study does not support the use of P. niruri for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Besides, two lignans (hypophyllanthin and phyllanthin) were responsible for the in vitro anticancer activity shown against human lung cancer cell line A549, hepatic cancer cell line SMMC-7721, and gastric cancer cell line MGC-803. On the other hand, the methanolic extract showed selective cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (Wan Omar and Zain 2018). The phytochemicals identified in ethanolic extract of P. niruri, including hypophyllanthin, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin and chlorogenic, caffeic, malic, and gallic acids showed a positive correlation with antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (Mediani et al. 2017). The tannin corilagin was a major component extracted from P. niruri, and it inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cells via the TGF-β/AKT/ERK signalling pathways. It was demonstrated that corilagin enhanced the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy (Jia et al. 2017). Klein-Júnior et al. (2017) showed that this tannin reduced the lesion area of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice by 88 percent. The use of P. niruri as infusion intake was safe and did not cause significant adverse effects on serum metabolic parameters in humans. The consumption of P. niruri contributed to the elimination of urinary calculi (Pucci et al. 2018). The property of promoting protection against ulcers is attributed to the regeneration of the mucosal layer and substantial prevention of the formation of hemorrhage and edema (Mostofa et al. 2017).
Cardioprotective effects of corilagin on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity via P13K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways in a rat model
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2022
Jing Huang, Ying Lei, Shengping Lei, Xinwen Gong
In recent years, hydrolyzable tannins (polyphenols) are getting more attention due to their health benefits (Yoshida et al. 2010). Corilagin is isolated from medicinal plants of Phyllanthus species. Corilagin is a potent anti-tumorigenic compound (Jia et al. 2015) that also exhibits antioxidative, antiinflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities (Chen and Chen 2011). It has been reported that corilagin inhibits human colon cancer and gastric adenoma (Zhang et al. 2004; Deng et al. 2018). In addition corilagin has shown to augment the antitumor activity of DOX in hepatocellular carcinoma (Ming et al. 2013). Collected evidence suggests the need for the development of new therapeutics to restrain ROS production, inflammatory response and apoptosis for DOX induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, our research was intended to explore the molecular mechanisms of corilagin involved in doxorubicin persuaded cardiotoxicity, inflammatory intrusion and pro-apoptotic activity in experimental rats.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-targeted therapeutics in liver diseases
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2021
Li Xiang, Yaru Shao, Yuping Chen
In NAFLD, herbs for mitochondrial targeting therapy act primarily through antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and enhancing the MQC mechanism. Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate from crucifers, or its precursor glucoside mainly activates the Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant signalling pathway to protect mitochondria and delay the development of NASH [134]. Their hepatoprotective effects in alcoholic liver steatosis were also through increasing HO-1 and reducing OS and lipid accumulation [135]. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, was revealed to improve liver mitochondrial function in HFD-fed rats by increasing Sirt3 activity and restoring energy deficit due to the impaired OXPHOS [146]. Corilagin is a polyphenolic tannic acid compound and exhibits protective activity against HCC, hepatic injury from haemorrhagic shock and hepatitis C [137]. In HFD-induced NAFLD mouse, Corilagin successfully attenuated hepatic lipid deposition by eliminating ROS and restoring mitophagy [137]. Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycoside (C3G), one of the most abundant anthocyanidins among flavonoids, was shown to ameliorate OS and hepatic steatosis [141], raised the expression of PINK1/Parkin and promoted the PINK1-mediated mitophagy that is often impaired in mice and patients with NAFLD, decreasing liver OS and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in NAFLD model [142]. It also enhances hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis via upregulating PGC-1α, SIRT1, Nrf1, and TFAM [153].
Natural products for the management of the hepatitis C virus: a biochemical review
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Walid Hamdy El-Tantawy, Abeer Temraz
In a recent study, it has been reported the isolation and identification of a principal bioactive component “corilagin”, from the methanolic extract of P. amarus. Corilagin showed significant inhibition of the HCV key enzymes, NS3 protease and NS5B RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. This pure compound could effectively inhibit viral replication in the infectious cell culture system, displayed strong antioxidant activity by blocking HCV-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and suppressed up-regulation of NOX4 and TGF-β mRNA levels. Oral administration of corilagin in BALB/c mice demonstrated its better tolerability and systemic bioavailability. More importantly, corilagin could restrict serum HCV RNA levels, decrease collagen deposition and hepatic cell denaturation in HCV-infected chimeric mice harboring human hepatocytes. Taken together, results provide a basis towards developing a pure natural drug as an alternate therapeutic strategy for restricting viral replication and prevent liver damage towards better management of HCV-induced pathogenesis (Reddy et al.2018).