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Introduction to Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Bhushan R. Rane, Raj Kesarwani
Obesity is a serious issue in developing countries due to today’s lifestyle; it is reported that many herbal stimulants such as caffeine, ephedrine, and green tea are useful to treat obesity as they help in reducing body weight. Some other nutraceuticals also responsible for body weight loss, for example, capsaicin, conjugated linoleic acid, Momordica charantia, and psyllium fiber (Agrawal and Paridhavi, 2007).
Incorporating dietary supplements with sports-specific training and competition
Published in Jay R Hoffman, Dietary Supplementation in Sport and Exercise, 2019
Gerald T Mangine, Matthew T Stratton
Exercise pacing affects the availability and utilization of fuel, and so, the onset of fatigue. However, ingesting phosphates and macronutrients beyond normal dietary requirements may delay fatigue. Phosphates are essential to the formation of ATP and may aid in both aerobic and anaerobic performance. Three to five days of phosphate loading (4 g·day-1) is thought to elevate red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations which lead to a rightward shift in the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve and improve oxygen utilization during exercise (18). Phosphate loading may also improve muscle buffering capacity during higher-intensity exercise (43). Supplementing with macronutrients, both carbohydrate and protein either by themselves or combined, prior to and during exercise has generally been shown to prolong exercise duration (104, 121) by increasing glucose uptake and its availability for exercise (1, 121). Athletes may also benefit from supplementing with essential fats (e.g., fish oils, conjugated linoleic acid [CLA] and medium-chain triglycerides), which have been reported to improve endurance performance and limit the amount of damage and soreness associated with exercise (103, 142). Optimal dosage regimens though have yet to be determined.
Weight loss supplements: general
Published in Linda M. Castell, Samantha J. Stear (Nottingham), Louise M. Burke, Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health, 2015
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), is a term for a series of structural and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. Studies investigating the role of CLA supplements in decreasing fat mass and/or increasing lean mass have been inconsistent with systematic reviews generally showing no effect or such a small effect that it is not clinically relevant (see section on CLA). Moreover, studies of CLA supplementation, either singularly or in combination with other potentially ‘active’ ingredients, in individuals who exercise have also produced mixed results.
Impregnation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) grafts with BMP-2 loaded functional nanoparticles for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Zeynep Karahaliloglu, Batur Ercan, Baki Hazer
Linoleic acid (LA) is one of the commonly used unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (Giudetti et al. 2005). The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has a wide range of biological effects such as reduction in lipoproteins, and body fat, the enhanced immune function, anti-atherogenic and anti-carcinogenic characteristic, and alterations in bone metabolism (Dilzer et al. 2012). It is a significant constituent for strong bones when to take into consideration in vitro effect of CLA on the bone biology and metabolism. In fact, Cusack et al. showed that alkaline phosphatase activity increased by all CLA treatments in their study accomplished using human derived osteoblast like cells (Cusack et al. 2005). Furthermore, Bhattacharya et al. reported that CLA is an effective therapeutic application in the treatment of bone diseases, and the enhanced bone absorption through increased osteoclastogenesis (Bhattacharya et al. 2006). Jewell et al. also demonstrated the calcium absorption in human intestinal-like Caco-2 cells improved by CLA (Jewell et al. 2003). Obviously, CLA has beneficial effect on the bone metabolism, and future studies needed to clarify the proper role of CLA supplementation in terms of bone health.
Use and perceived effectiveness of complementary medicines for weight loss in adult women
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2023
J Bussicott, R Patel, J Pellow, RK Razlog
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a fatty acid naturally found in meat and dairy products, while CLA supplements sold on the market are typically synthetically produced from safflower oil and usually contain an equal mix of two isomers, 18:2cis-9, trans-11 and 18:2trans-10, cis-12. While animal studies have shown that CLA reduces body fat, studies in humans are less conclusive; these studies do, however, show a beneficial effect of CLA supplementation on bodyweight and adiposity, with relatively few adverse effects.33 A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Namazi et al.34 on 13 clinical trials indicated that CLA supplementation significantly reduces bodyweight (−0.52 kg), BMI (−0.23 kg/m2) and fat mass (−0.61 kg), and increases lean body mass (0.19 kg) compared with a placebo; these effects were even more pronounced in patients over 44 years old, who used dosages of > 3.4 g per day for more than 12 weeks. Long-term studies of at least 6 months’ duration have also shown only a small weight-loss effect size through meta-analysis, with a mean difference of −0.70 kg, indicating uncertain clinical benefit.35 CLA has been shown to have anticoagulant/antiplatelet activities and should be used with caution in patients using prescription medications with these same effects.28
Association of Recommended and Non-Recommended Food Score and Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Melika Hajjar, Arezoo Rezazadeh, Farah Naja, Mehdi Kardoust Parizi, Reza Alaghehbandan, Marzie Pourkerman, Bahram Rashidkhani
Casein, lactose, vitamin A content of milk prevent from many types of cancers, and lactic acid bacteria in dairy products promoted the anti-carcinogenic immunity in the body (7). In addition, the apoptotic and anti-proliferative effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in milk could inhibit BC. Also, CLA by inhibiting Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF-IR), increases apoptosis of cancer cells and decrease cell proliferation (7). Dietary fiber has an important role in the regulation of blood glucose, blood insulin reduction, decrease inflammatory factors, reducing oxidative stress, and metabolic regulation, which supported the protective role of fiber in BC prevention (9). Anti-oxidant effect of Carotenoids, β carotene, and vitamin C content of these fruits and vegetables inhibited oxidative damage of DNA and inhibited the carcinogenesis in bladder cell (8, 22). Additionally, carotenoids as the precursor of vitamin A have an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation (26).