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In-vivo Colonic Motility and Transit in Ulcerative Colitis
Published in William J. Snape, Stephen M. Collins, Effects of Immune Cells and Inflammation on Smooth Muscle and Enteric Nerves, 2020
S. Narasimha Reddy, Gabriele Bazzocchi, Simon Chan, Kathy Akashi, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, George Yanni, Ismael Mena, William J. Snape
All patients consumed a clear liquid diet the day before and fasted 12 hrs before the study. The colon was prepared by having the subjects drink one gallon (3.785L) of Colyte, a balanced electrolyte solution the day before. A polyvinyl open-tipped catheter (ID = 0.8 mm and OD = 1 mm) was used to record intraluminal pressure and to instill the radionuclide marker, 99m technetium. The procedure was previously described [11,12]. The subjects were placed supine under a gamma camera (Pho/Gamma HP, Nuclear Chicago) and 99mTc DTPA (1 mCi) was injected into the splenic flexure. The movement of the tracer was measured by scintigraphic images acquired every one minute on a dedicated computer (Sopha Medical Computer, Baltimore, MD). The pressure was recorded on a Beckman dynograph.
Therapeutic Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
4. Enhancement of elimination of suspected chemical agents or drugs is accomplished using whole bowel irrigation. In adults, oral administration of polyethylene glycol (Golytely®, Colyte®), at a rate of 2 L/h, can flush ingested toxic agents through the bowel. Administration of the preparation is continued for 4–5 hours or until the bowel effluents are clear. The method is useful for enhanced elimination of sustained-release preparation of capsules or tablets, cellophane packets of street heroin or cocaine, and agents not effectively absorbed with charcoal.
Flexible endoscopy
Published in P Ronan O’Connell, Robert D Madoff, Stanley M Goldberg, Michael J Solomon, Norman S Williams, Operative Surgery of the Colon, Rectum and Anus Operative Surgery of the Colon, Rectum and Anus, 2015
Pierre H Chapuis, D Brian Jones
Generally, oral bowel preparations can be divided into three types. Isosmotic preparations (Golytely®, Glycoprep®, Colyte®, and Nulytely®) usually contain polyethylene glycol (PEG) and are osmotically balanced, high volume, nonabsorbable, and non-fermentable electrolyte solutions. They cleanse the colon by the mechanical effect of large volume lavage. The conventional dose is 3–4 L given as divided doses over a period of some hours. They may also be administered via a nasogastric tube at a rate of 20–30 mL/min. In the case of afternoon lists, it may be preferable to institute a split-dose regimen the afternoon before and early on the morning of the procedure. Low volume PEG solutions are available, combined with stimulant laxatives or ascorbic acid (Halflytely®, Moviprep®).Hyperosmotic preparations draw water into the bowel lumen which stimulates peristalsis and evacuation. Although small volume, these preparations can cause significant fluid and electrolyte shifts. Sodium phosphate (Fleet Phospho-Soda®, Osmoprep®, Fleet®) and sodium sulfate (Picoprep®) preparations are available.Stimulant laxatives include senna, an anthracene derivative, which stimulates colonic peristalsis. Bisacodyl is a diphenylmethane derivative which is poorly absorbed in the small intestine, but following hydrolysis by endogenous estersases its metabolites stimulate colonic motility.
Effect of prophylactic endoscopic closure for an artificial ulceration after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2019
Sang Pyo Lee, In-Kyung Sung, Jeong Hwan Kim, Sun-Young Lee, Hyung Seok Park
Informed consent of the procedure was obtained from the patients before their examination, and all patients were informed of the risks and benefits of prophylactic endoscopic closure. Anti-platelet or anti-coagulation drugs were stopped before the procedure, if possible. The duration of stopping medication was determined according to the cardiologist's recommendations [21]. The colon was cleansed with polyethylene glycol-based solution (Colyte® or Coolprep®, Taejun Co., Seoul, Korea). Subsequently, ESD was performed using standard colonoscope (CF-H260 or CF-H290; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) by highly experienced endoscopists. Conscious sedation was performed using midazolam (Dormicum®, Bukwang Pharma, Seoul, Korea) or dexmedetomidine (Precedex®; Hospira Korea Co., Seoul, Korea) and pethidine (Pethidine HCl Injection®, Myungmoon Pharma, Seoul, Korea) were administered to all subjects for pain control.