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Herbal Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Hasya Nazh Ekin, Didem Deliorman Orhan
Bundy et al. examined the activity of a standardized turmeric extract on IBS symptoms in a randomized, partly blinded, two-dose, pilot study, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study included 207 healthy volunteers suffering from IBS symptoms for at least 3 months: one group received 72 mg (one tablet) for 8 weeks and the second group received 144 mg (two tablets) for 8 weeks. The participants were chosen according to Rome II criteria. IBS pain, self-reported effectiveness, and symptom-associated quality of life (IBSQOL) were used to appraise the efficacy of the protocol. The 22 and 25% reduction in abdominal pain/discomfort score were found in one- and two-tablet groups, respectively. At the end of the therapy protocol, there were remarkable improvements in the IBSQOL scores from 5 to 36% in both groups. Also 70 and 67% of volunteers (in two- and one-tablet groups, respectively) described definite or partial healing in IBS complaints after the therapy. On the other hand, very minor side effects (such as dry mouth and flatulence nausea) were reported. These effects were observed in very few participants. This study showed that further clinical studies on the use of standardized turmeric extract to reduce IBS symptoms are needed.
Selected topics
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. acarbose) reduce HbA1C by around 6 mmol/mol (0.5%).103 They delay carbohydrate digestion and lower peak glucose levels. Weight gain and hypoglycaemia are less likely than with sulphonylureas.119 Flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhoea are the most common adverse events. In trials these symptoms caused 25–45% of patients to discontinue.103 They are rarely an appropriate treatment option.
Making an accurate assessment
Published in Helen Taylor, Ian Stuart-Hamilton, Assessing the Nursing and Care Needs of Older Adults, 2021
For example, if a patient who is receiving a particular drug therapy starts to experience severe flatulence, the nurse may rationalise this by relating it to the flatulence observed in another patient who was receiving that particular drug therapy, aware that digestive problems had been cited as very rare side-effects of this medication. In this case the nurse would be neglecting the base rate by ignoring the fact that the new patient had been taking the medication for months before they experienced any problems. The medication was therefore unlikely to have been the cause of the flatulence, and any similarity to the other patient was purely coincidental. It is clear, therefore, that neglecting the base rate may contribute to errors in decision making.
The probiotic Bacillus subtilis BS50 decreases gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Sean M. Garvey, Eunice Mah, Traci M. Blonquist, Valerie N. Kaden, Jessica L. Spears
Abdominal bloating is defined as “the subjective sensation of gassiness, trapped gas, or a feeling of pressure or being distended without obvious visible distension”.6 Bloating can also occur with objective physical distension of the abdomen. The etiology for bloating and distension is complex and multifactorial. Triggers may include disturbances to digestive enzyme output and activity, intestinal transit and motility, composition of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal gas production, immune function, visceral hypersensitivity, and central nervous system processing.7,8 Bloating has also been described as primarily a sensory phenomenon associated with a lower pain threshold or increased biological sensitivity, as evidenced by computed tomography imaging showing that luminal gas increases in only 25% of FGID patients during a bout of abdominal distension or following consumption of a “high-flatulence” diet.9 These results point to a potential role of the gut-brain axis in perception of bloating severity, and suggest that the intestinal microbiota or gut sensory neuropod cell signaling modulation could impact hypersensitivity and bloating. Related to gut-brain cross-talk, belching can be the consequence of aerophagia, or swallowing air, which itself is influenced by anxiety, depression, and hypervigilance.10
A possible association between early life factors and burden of functional bowel symptoms in adulthood
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2021
Johanna Wennerberg, Shantanu Sharma, Peter M. Nilsson, Bodil Ohlsson
More women than men suffered from symptoms or self-reported IBS (p < 0.001). The median age and median BMI were similar in all groups. There was no difference between the group with or without symptoms regarding socioeconomic data, smoking, alcohol habits or physical activity, whereas smoking and higher alcohol intake was more prevalent in participants with self-reported IBS. Constant stress during the past 12 months was significantly more commonly reported among cases than controls (65.2% versus 46.3%) (Table 1), as well as poorer psychological well-being (Table 2). More participants with self-reported IBS experienced chronic stress during the last year (73.7% versus 53.4%), and all bowel symptoms were aggravated in the IBS group. Both gestational age (p = 0.091) and Apgar score (p = 0.063) tended to be lower in the group with bowel symptoms, whereas birth weight was slightly lower in the group with self-reported IBS (p = 0.063), compared with the controls, although not reaching statistical significance. The most prominent bowel symptom was bloating and flatulence, followed by intestinal symptoms’ influence on daily life, diarrhea, and abdominal pain (Table 2).
Synthesis, in vitro inhibitory activity, kinetic study and molecular docking of novel N-alkyl–deoxynojirimycin derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Ping Lin, Jia-Cheng Zeng, Ji-Guang Chen, Xu-Liang Nie, En Yuan, Xiao-Qiang Wang, Da-Yong Peng, Zhong-Ping Yin
α-Glucosidase is a type of glucosidases that acts on 1,4-α-bonds, which locate on the brush edge of the small intestine and play a critical role in digestion and absorption of carbohydrates1. Inhibition of α-glucosidase is one approach to delay the absorption of glucose and decrease the postprandial blood glucose level2. Therefore, α-glucosidase inhibitors are widely used for the prevention and treatment of typeII diabetes millitus3. Besides, α-glucosidase participates in other physical and biological processes as well and may also be used as a therapeutic agent for other diseases, such as cancer4 and HIV5. Today, several types of α-glucosidase inhibitors are being clinically used for the treatment of typeII diabetes millitus, such as acarbose, voglibose, and miglitol6. However, these medications also have adverse effects, including abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, and flatulence7. So, developing novel α-glucosidase inhibitors is critical and attractive.