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Fucosidosis
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
Defective activity of the enzyme can be demonstrated in leukocytes and cultured fibroblasts [14, 38, 39]. Routine assays use artificial substrates and fluorimetric or colorimetric analysis. The different phenotypes cannot be distinguished by enzymatic assay as activity is essentially absent in all. There is fucosidase activity in serum or plasma, but assay is not a reliable method of diagnosis, as some normal individuals have low levels of activity in the fluid [40]. Heterogeneity among patients has been shown by the assessment of amounts of enzyme protein [41]; of 11 patients with markedly defective enzyme activity, eight made no enzyme protein in fibroblasts; in two, the amounts of the 53 kDa precursor were normal, but there were no mature 50 kDa form; in one, there was a small amount of CRM.
Radionuclide Generators
Published in Garimella V. S. Rayudu, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radiotracers for Medical Applications, 2019
It has also been shown that in some instances there is a leak of the chromatographic medium or of contaminants present in the chromatographic resins. Some of these contaminants are of unknown origin. Spectrographic and colorimetric analysis have been used to determine the concentration of these impurities.40, 51
Glycerine Analysis
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
The most common method for measuring arsenic content uses silver diethyl-dithiocarbamate as a colorimetric reagent. Food Chemical Codex and USP require wet-ashing the sample before the colorimetric analysis is performed. CTFA specifies diluting the sample without wet-ashing and proceeding directly to the color-generating step. Wet-ashing destroys organic matter and converts arsenic to the arsenic (V) oxidation state without loss of volatile arsenic compounds, which would occur if the sample were ashed at muffle oven temperatures. About 1 g of glycerine is digested with sulfuric acid until charring begins. Thirty percent hydrogen peroxide is added, very slowly and carefully at first, to prevent too violent a reaction. Oxidizing conditions are maintained by adding more peroxide whenever the solution becomes dark. When oxidation is complete, the temperature is increased until copious fumes of SO3 evolve. Then, the sample is cooled, water is added and the solution is fumed again to remove traces of hydrogen peroxide.
Differential role of Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 in K-Ras-driven pancreatic carcinoma undergoing mesenchymal transition
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Imran Siddiqui, Marco Erreni, Mohammad Azhar Kamal, Chiara Porta, Federica Marchesi, Samantha Pesce, Fabio Pasqualini, Silvia Schiarea, Chiara Chiabrando, Alberto Mantovani, Paola Allavena
The cell invasion assay was performed using 24-well plate in triplicate by using a Matrigel-coated invasion chamber (BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA) with an 8.0 μm pore size polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane. The invasion assay was performed according to manufacturer's instructions. The migrated cells to the lower side of the inserts were fixed in methanol, stained with 1% Crystal Violet and then washed several times with PBS to remove the excessive stain. Insert chamber was then allowed to dry and the membrane was then taken out delicately using the tip of the needle to dissolve the attached cells in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). Colorimetric analysis was performed at 570 nm to compare the number of cells that migrated to the lower side of the membrane. Alternatively the Transwell membrane was stained with Difco stain and invasive fixed cells at the bottom of the membrane were placed on glass slide mounted with coverslip and the images were captured from microscope.
Multifunctional nanoparticles encapsulating methotrexate and curcumin for holistic management of rheumatoid arthritis: in-vitro and pre-clinical assessment
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Ayesha Syed, Preeti Karwa, Kusum Devi Vemula
Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were examined to assess hepatotoxicity. Creatinine and urea levels were examined to establish nephrotoxicity. Blood samples were collected 4 h after the last dose and serum was separated by centrifugation for 5 min at 3000 rpm. Using a diagnostic kit (RFCL Diagnova, Dehradun), endpoint colorimetric analysis was used to measure the levels of creatinine, urea, SGOT and SGPT in the serum samples that were obtained. For each group, the results are shown as the mean of six values (n = 6) ±standard deviation (SD). Using the prism-9.3.0 software package, statistically significant differences between the control and treatment groups were assessed [14,28].
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on tumor cell viability: a meta-analysis of in vitro randomized controlled experiments
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2021
Guangzhou An, Meilun Shen, Juan Guo, Xia Miao, Yuntao Jing, Keying Zhang, Ling Guo, Junling Xing
Two researchers (An Guangzhou, Jing Yuntao) independently extracted the following information from each study: first author, publication year, cell lines, PEMF exposure parameters, PEMF exposure duration, and detection methods. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The primary outcome of the studies was determined using colorimetric analysis. In some studies that did not show the original data, they were obtained using the Getdata Graph Digitizer 2.25 software.