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Antitubulin Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Agents that disturb the equilibrium between microtubule growth and shrinkage in either direction can block mitosis (division of the nucleus) and lead to cell death. The prototype agent of this type is colchicine (Figure 4.4), an alkaloid from the plant Colchicum autumnale that was first extracted and isolated in pure form in 1928, although it can now be synthesized. Structure of colchicine, the first-known antitubulin agent.
An Introduction to the Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Shandesh Bhattarai, Christiane Mendes Feitosa, Mahendra Rai
Similarly, some other approved drugs are Aloe for treatment of burns and wounds isolated from [Aloe species] (Marinelli 2005), followed by Black cohoshv for the treatment of hormonal disorders, rheumatism, from Black cohosh [Cimicifuga racemosa] (Marinelli 2005), Bloodroot for the treatment of skin disorders and cancer from Bloodroot [Sanguinaria canadensis] (Robbins 1999). Likewise, Camphor for rheumatic pain relief from the wood of Camphor tree [Cinnamomum camphore] (Tuxhill 1999). Colchicine is used for cancer and gout treatment from Autumn crocus [Colchicum autumnale] (Tuxhill 1999), and Devil’s club for infection cure, diabetes, and tuberculosis from Oplopanax species (Marinelli 2005, MPWG 2007). Species of the genus Tabebuia have a history of use in the treatment of several diseases including syphilis, fevers, malaria, cutaneous infections, and stomach disorders (Cragg et al. 2002).
Colchicine
Published in Sarah H. Wakelin, Howard I. Maibach, Clive B. Archer, Handbook of Systemic Drug Treatment in Dermatology, 2015
Colchicine is a pseudoalkaloid obtained from the meadow saffron (autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale) and other Colchicum spp. that have been used for medicinal purposes since the time of ancient Greece. It occurs as pale to greenish yellow crystals and is irritating to skin. It is water soluble and oxidizes rapidly on light exposure, so must be stored in the dark.
Appraisal of anti-gout potential of colchicine-loaded chitosan nanoparticle gel in uric acid-induced gout animal model
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Poonam Parashar, Ifrah Mazhar, Jovita Kanoujia, Abhishek Yadav, Pranesh Kumar, Shubhini A. Saraf, Sudipta Saha
Colchicine is a naturally occurring alkaloid extracted from the flowers of Autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale commonly known as meadow saffron. It is an anti-inflammatory drug which is widely used in the treatment of gouty arthritis (Dalbeth et al. 2014). Colchicine acts by reducing lactic acid production via leukocytes, which results in lowering uric acid deposition as well as decrease inflammatory response. In spite of being the most effective and fastest acting drug against gouty arthritis, colchicine is considered as last alternative in gout therapy due to its severe adverse effects associated with enteral and parenteral routes of administration (Wortmann 2002, Chilappa et al. 2010). The most dreadful effects comprises of bone marrow depression leading to anaemia, polyneuropathy subsequent to kidney failure and hallucinations (Khalil et al. 2014). In addition to that, a special consideration for dose adjustment is required among geriatric and paediatric patient. Oral administration further faces the problem of first pass hepatic metabolism resulting in reduced bioavailability (Nascimento et al. 2009, Shen et al. 2011). Intravenous administration of colchicine leads to problems like tissue necrosis, cytopenias etc. (Bonnel et al. 2002). Thus these drawbacks need to be addressed and nanoparticulate system could be one of the promising approach.
Accidental poisoning with autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale): a case series
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Gasper Razinger, Gordana Kozelj, Vojka Gorjup, Damjan Grenc, Miran Brvar
Colchicum autumnale, known as autumn crocus, wild saffron, meadow saffron and naked lady, is native in Europe, but it can be found in the entire North Hemisphere (Figure 1(A)). It contains the water-soluble and highly toxic alkaloid colchicine. Colchicine is antimitotic, blocking mitosis by preventing DNA synthesis. It reversibly binds to tubulin and prevents it from polymerising to form microtubules, which are essential to such processes as protein assembly in the Golgi apparatus, endocytosis, exocytosis, mitosis, cellular motility and the maintenance of cell shape [1]. By disrupting the microtubular network, colchicine is therefore toxic to all body cells, not just the rapidly dividing cells of the intestine or bone marrow [1]. The fresh leaves contain 0.15–0.4% of colchicine [2].
Targeting inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: a tale of hope
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2018
Juan Antonio Moreno, Carmen Gomez-Guerrero, Sebastian Mas, Ana Belen Sanz, Oscar Lorenzo, Marta Ruiz-Ortega, Lucas Opazo, Sergio Mezzano, Jesus Egido
Colchicine is a plant-derived alkaloid (colchicum autumnale), inexpensive and potent anti-inflammatory drug approved for acute use in patients with gout and chronic use in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever with limited side-effects at low doses. Contrasting to therapies inhibiting single inflammation molecules, Colchicine is an agent with multiple targets, inhibiting tubulin polymerization, cellular adhesion molecules and inflammatory chemokines. Colchicine may also have direct anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recent works highlighted the anti-inflammatory potential of colchicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In patients with coronary disease colchicine 0.5 mg daily reliably reduced cardiovascular events [127]. The promise of low dose colchicine in patients with coronary disease is being explored in two phase III trials. The LoDoCo2 study was designed to examine its effects in approximately 5,000 patients with stable coronary disease (LoDoCo2 Trial at http://www.anzctr. org.au) and the COLPOT study with 4,500 patients to determine its effects in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02551094).