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Recent Developments in Therapies and Strategies Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Misbah Hameed, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Marius Moga
Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory drug that is commonly used in gout. It acts by hindering the inflammatory complex in neutrophils and monocytes and finally activation of IL-1beta. Colchicine also has inhibitory effects on macrophages. It has been used in COVID-19 patients who present with myopathies and the results and has shown reduction in inflammation associated with the cardiac myocytes [69]. There are a number of ongoing studies investigating colchicine for cytokine storm.
Antitubulin Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Some types of cancer cells appear to be more susceptible to mitotic inhibitors such as colchicine and the Vinca and taxol alkaloids than healthy cells, and it has been suggested that this may be due, in part, to the ability of certain cancer cell types to divide more rapidly than normal cells. However, colchicine was found to have only a narrow range of effectiveness as an anticancer agent in humans, and so was not extensively developed, although it is still occasionally used in veterinary medicine to treat tumors in some animal species. The main clinical use of colchicine today is for the treatment of gout (e.g., ColBenemidTM), in which case it is thought to work by binding to tubulin in white cells (leukocytes), inhibiting their migration into inflamed areas and leading to a reduction in pain and inflammation. Colchicine is also used as an antimitotic agent to treat cell cultures in biomedical research.
The Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Consensus Approach
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
The lack of RCT level data means that treatment for RAS is often guided by case reports, case series, and clinical experience. The case series by Lynde et al.7 is notable for using a treatment ladder, which starts with colchicine (which is often used as a first-line agent for RAS if topical treatment is not sufficient), then adds dapsone for patients who do not respond. Although both colchicine and dapsone are used by oral medicine specialists, this paper shows that the combination increases the response rate to 80%. Patients were given 12 weeks to respond to colchicine before dapsone was added, and while treatment may be successful, response is not necessarily rapid. In addition, only those defined as having complex RAS were included. At present there is no study that has assessed if similar response rates are seen in patients who heal without scarring.
Current pharmacological solutions for Behçet’s syndrome
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Yesim Ozguler, Sinem Nihal Esatoglu, Gulen Hatemi
Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of colchicine on mucocutaneous involvement and joint involvement yielded conflicting results. The first RCT (n = 28) showed improvement in only erythema nodosum and arthralgia at month 6 [3]. In the second RCT (n = 116), genital ulcers and erythema nodosum among women and arthritis among both men and women were significantly less frequent in patients treated with colchicine during the 2 years [4]. Significant improvement in oral and genital ulcers, papulopustular lesions, and erythema nodosum was observed in the last RCT (n = 169) [5]. Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and elevation of liver enzymes are commonly seen adverse events of colchicine. However, these were usually mild, and no severe adverse events were reported in any of the trials.
Effect of colchicine on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Shao-Huan Lan, Chi-Kuei Hsu, Chih-Cheng Lai, Shen-Peng Chang, Li-Chin Lu, Shun-Hsing Hung, Wei-Ting Lin
Among the 7 RCTs, 4 were multicenter studies [21,23,27,28] and 3 were single-centre studies [24–26] (Table 1). In addition, 2 were multinational studies [21,28]. and one each was conducted in Mexico [27]. Greece [23]. Brazil [24], Spain [26], and Iran [25], One study [21] focussed on nonhospitalized patients; the other 6 RCTs [23–28] enrolled hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Among the RCTs, the colchicine regimen varied, and the treatment duration ranged from 6 to 28 days. Overall, 16,024 patients were included in this study, with 7,794 in the study group receiving colchicine and 8,230 in the control group receiving placebo or standard treatment. Regarding the risk of bias, three studies [23,24,26] have bias due to deviations from intended interventions, and one study [25] has some concerns for multiple domains and its overall risk of bias was classified as high (Figure 2).
The evidence from clinical trials on colchicine and corticosteroids’ effect on COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022
Ahmad Naoras Bitar, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman
Clinical trials were conducted worldwide to search for an effective drug to treat COVID-19. The total number of included studies was 17 studies, and the total number of participants in this review was 18,956, the majority of them were male 12,001. Out of the included subjects, 8772 participants were on colchicine, 569 took methylprednisolone, and 64 patients received prednisolone. The follow-up duration varied in the studies from 10 days to 56 days, and the age’s mean and median were above 50 in all studies, except in the work of Hamed 2021. In the included studies, the administered doses of colchicine started with a loading dose of 1.5 mg or 1 mg, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.5 mg twice daily, Table 1. The duration by which the patients were receiving the drug varied among the studies, from five days up to two weeks. In all colchicine studies, the mortality rate in the interventional group was lower than the standard of care (SoC) or control group.