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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Joel J. Kirschbaum, Adorjan Aszalos
Dinsed and sulfanitran are almost always formulated together in animals as coccidiostats. They were separated and quantified using an octadecylsilane analytical column and precolumn (200 x 2 mm) and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (45:55) flowing at 1 ml/min through a 254 nm detector [478]. Recoveries of sulfanitran at 0.03% averaged 102% and of 0.02% dinsed averaged 100%.
Avian coccidiosis: a disturbed host-parasite relationship to be restored
Published in G. F. Wiegertjes, G. Flik, Host-Parasite Interactions, 2004
It is hard to predict what consequences these dramatic changes in the environment of the parasites may have had on the virulence of each of the parasite species. Almost weekly passages through practically naive animals might have increased the virulence of the parasites, although the effect of coccidiostats on this parasite trait is difficult to estimate in this respect. Theoretically, a quantitative reduction of transmission either through the host or through the long-term action of external agents will increase the virulence of parasites (Gandon and Michalakis, 2000). Fifteen years of repeated laboratory passage of a pure E. tenella Weybridge strain appeared to have increased the pathological effects of this strain, but this might have been an intrinsic feature of this strain and not per se generally applicable (A. Vermeulen, unpublished observations).
Various Applications of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao)
Published in Tariq Aftab, M. Naeem, M. Masroor, A. Khan, Artemisia annua, 2017
Himanshu Misra, Mauji Ram, Ashish Bharillya, Darshana Mehta, Bhupendra Kumar Mehta, Dharam Chand Jain
Drăgan et al. (2014) conducted a floor-pen study to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of A. annua and Foeniculum vulgare on E. tenella infection. Five experimental groups were established: negative control (untreated, unchallenged); positive control (untreated, challenged); a group medicated with 125 ppm lasalocid and challenged; a group medicated with A. annua leaf powder at 1.5% in feed and challenged; and a group treated with the mixed oils of A. annua and F. vulgare in equal parts, 7.5% in water and challenged. The effects of A. annua and oil extract of A. annua and F. vulgare on E. tenella infection were assessed by clinical signs, mortality, fecal oocyst output, feces, lesion score, weight gain, and feed conversion. Clinical signs were noticed only in 3 chickens from the lasalocid group, 6 from the A. annua group, and 9 from the A. annua and F. vulgare group, but were present in 19 infected chickens from the positive control group. Bloody diarrhea was registered in only 2 chickens from the A. annua group, but in 17 chickens from the positive control group. Mortality also occurred in the positive control group (7/20). Chickens treated with A. annua had a significant reduction in fecal oocysts (95.6%; P = 0.027) and in lesion score (56.3%; P = 0.005) when compared to the positive control. At the end of the experiment, chickens treated with A. annua leaf powder had the highest body weight gain (68.2 g/day), after the negative control group, and the best feed conversion (1.85) among all experimental groups. Our results suggest that A. annua leaf powder (Aa-p), at 1.5% of the daily diet post-infection, can be a valuable alternative for synthetic coccidiostats, such as lasalocid.
Salinomycin nanoparticles interfere with tumor cell growth and the tumor microenvironment in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Zahra Daman, Homa Faghihi, Hamed Montazeri
Salinomycin (SAL) is an ionophoric coccidiostat and/or antibiotic, which is widely used as a feed additive in poultry for more than 30 years [5]. It also has been exploited as a growth promoter in livestock due to its ability to improve the nutrient absorption and feeding efficiency [6]. However, its potential as a human drug candidate was just discovered recently by Gupta and colleagues [7] in a high-throughput screening study over 16,000 different chemical compounds to distinguish the ones selectively target cancer stem cells (CSCs). Among these compounds, SAL reduced the CSCs population of mice breast cancer and tumorigenicity of pretreated cancerous cells at least 100 times more effectively than paclitaxel. Furthermore, SAL has shown strong inhibition activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cells [8], colon and prostate cancer [9,10], and interestingly pancreatic cancer [11–14]. Based on these findings, SAL seems to be a promising anticancer drug that can potentially improve the prognosis of patients with cancer.