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Common/useful drugs
Published in Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson, Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, 2019
Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson
Interactions:☠never give with, or ≤2 wk after, MAOIs. ☠ ↑s risk of bleeding with aspirin/NSAIDs, dabigatran and CNS toxicity with selegiline. Avoid artemether/lumefantrine and piperaquine/artenimol. Mild W+.
Mechanisms of action
Published in Fazal-I-Akbar Danish, Ahmed Ehsan Rabbani, Pharmacology in 7 Days for Medical Students, 2018
Fazal-I-Akbar Danish, Ahmed Ehsan Rabbani
Artemether is a potent antimalarial drug used for the treatment of multi-drug resistant plasmodium falciparum infection and cerebral malaria. It is derived from Qinghaosu plant and has been in use in Chinese medicine since ancient times. Just like chloroquine, this drug preferentially concentrates in the food vacuoles of plasmodium, where it is metabolised to form toxic free radicals. Additionally, it appears that this drug covalently binds to specific malarial proteins, damaging and thus rendering them non-functional.
In Situ Cultivation of Artemisia annua
Published in Tariq Aftab, M. Naeem, M. Masroor, A. Khan, Artemisia annua, 2017
A. annua has received considerable attention because of its antimalarial properties. This activity has been established to be due to artemisinin (qinghaosu), a cadinane‑type sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, present in the aerial parts. Its semisynthetic derivatives, artemether, arteether, and artesunate are effective against multidrug‑resistant malaria caused by P. falciparum and against the life-threatening complication, cerebral malaria (Klayman et al., 1984).
Antimalarial treatment in infants
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Laura C. Kalkman, Thomas Hanscheid, Sanjeev Krishna, Peter G. Kremsner, Martin P. Grobusch
IM artemether is the second choice of treatment for severe malaria when artesunate is unavailable [7]. It was found to be less effective than artesunate in adults and additional trials comparing these drugs in children were therefore deemed unethical [43]. Treatment with IM artemether resulted in similar mortality rates compared to quinine (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.21) in 1659 children (six months – 15 years) compared in a meta-analysis. However, coma resolution time, fever clearance time and parasite clearance time were shorter in the artemether group. Serious adverse events between treatment groups were similar [43]. The small studies adding to the review that included a limited number of infants reported comparable efficacy and safety of IM artemether and quinine [43–46].
Efficacy and safety of artemether emulsion for the treatment of mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized pilot study
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Wen-tong Shen, Yun Wu, Hui-qiong He, Yue Yu, Hai-hong Qin, Jian-biao Fei, Guo-jiang Wang
Artemisinin, derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua, has been commonly used as anti-malarial drugs for more than 30 years (8,9). Artemether is one of the most studied lipid-based derivatives of artemisinin (10). A previous study suggested that treatment with artemether has better efficacy with metronidazole emulsion in patients with rosacea (11). The antimicrobial effects of Artemisia annua oil and Artemisia annua oil nanoliposomes on P. acne, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pityrosporum furfur were observed, respectively (12). The efficacy of artemether in the treatment of AV is still unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of 1% artemether emulsion in patients with mild-to-moderate AV.
In vitro assessment of cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of antimalarial drugs artemisinin and artemether in human lymphocytes
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2019
Plínio Cerqueira dos Santos Cardoso, Carlos Alberto Machado da Rocha, Tatiane Cristina Mota, Marcelo de Oliveira Bahia, Regianne Maciel dos Santos Correa, Lorena Monteiro Gomes, Diego Di Felipe Avila Alcântara, Taíssa Maíra Thomaz Araújo, Leopoldo Silva de Moraes, Rommel Burbano
Many studies have stated that genotoxic effects are crucial for initiating carcinogenesis process; therefore, the genotoxicity assays have been employed in order to assess the risk of cancer (Kang et al.2013). Although there are some studies in the literature evaluating the genotoxic effects of sesquiterpene lactones, only few reports demonstrate genotoxic effects of artemisinin and their derivatives in lymphocyte culture. In recent publications (Mota et al.2011, Alcântara et al.2011), our group has already reported genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of artesunate and artemether. Taking all into account, this study aims at evaluating the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of artemisinin and artemether in human lymphocytes.