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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Joel J. Kirschbaum, Adorjan Aszalos
The poultry coccidiostat amprolium was analyzed in feeds using a 5-μm silica column with a mobile phase consisting of 8 g ammonium nitrate and 40 ml of 3% aqueous ammonium hydroxide in 1000 ml methanol (apparent pH 8.1) flowing at 2 ml/min into a detector set to 270 nm [475]. A minimum of 5 mg/kg could be analyzed. At a concentration of 125 mg/kg, recoveries averaged 101% with a relative standard deviation of 3%.
Thiamin
Published in Judy A. Driskell, Ira Wolinsky, Sports Nutrition, 2005
Enas K. Al-Tamimi, Mark D. Haub
On the other hand, anti-thiamin activity is common, and includes chemical structures that act as antagonists in a competitive inhibition pattern. Pyrithiamine is one thiamin antagonist that not only blocks the esterification with phosphoric acid to produce the phosphorylated forms, but also inhibits thiamin coenzyme cocarboxylase. Likewise, oxythiamine transfers cocarboxylase, whereas amprolium inhibits absorption of thiamin from the intestine and blocks thiamin phosphorylation.2 Thiamin activity is also decreased by action of the thiamin hydrolysis enzyme, thiaminase, which attenuates thiamin activity by altering the structure of the vitamin, rendering it ineffective.12,13
Aggravated effects of coexisting marginal thiamine deficits and zinc excess on SN56 neuronal cells
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Anna Ronowska, Sylwia Gul-Hinc, Anna Michno, Dorota Bizon-Zygmańska, Marlena Zyśk, Hanna Bielarczyk, Andrzej Szutowicz, Beata Gapys, Agnieszka Jankowska-Kulawy
Amprolium is a competitive inhibitor of thiamine transport. The culture was terminated by cell harvesting into ice-cold 154 mmol/L NaCl supplemented with 5 mmol/L glucose and 10 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Cells were collected by centrifugation and suspended in 320 mmol/L sucrose with 0.1 mmol/L EDTA and 10 mmol/L Na-HEPES (pH 7.4) to obtain protein concentration 10 mg/mL. Aliquots were used for Trypan Blue assay, metabolite and enzyme assays.