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Clindamycin and Lincomycin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Clindamycin phosphate is used for intravenous and intramuscular administration. The intramuscular dose for adults is 600 mg–2.4 g per day, depending on the type and severity of the infection, administered in two to four divided doses. Single intramuscular injections of greater than 600 mg are not recommended.
Adverse events related to topical drug treatments for acne vulgaris
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2020
Agnieszka Otlewska, Wojciech Baran, Aleksandra Batycka-Baran
A randomized, single-blind comparative study conducted on 73 patients with AV, showed comparable efficacy of clindamycin phosphate 1% plus BPO 5% (CDP + BPO) applied once daily and 4% erythromycin with 1.2% zinc combination (ERY+ Zn) applied twice daily after 12 weeks of therapy. The reduction in the total lesion count at endpoint (after 12 weeks of therapy) was 69.8% for CDP + BPO group and 64.5% for ERY + Zn group. Both formulations were generally well tolerated. Majority of patients described overall tolerance as good or excellent; 82.2% in CDP+BPO group and 85.3% in ERY+Zn group. In total, 16.4% of patients treated with CDP+ BPO and 14.7% of patients treated with ERY + Zn reported at least one AE. AEs were described as mild in intensity and intermittent and they were associated with skin irritation, e.g. dryness, desquamation, pruritus, burning, erythema. Two patients withdrew due to AE; one treated with CDP+BPO because of skin rash and skin tightness and one treated with ERY+Zn because of exacerbation of acne [65].
Bacterial vaginosis: a primer for clinicians
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2019
Suzanne Reiter, Susan Kellogg Spadt
Single-dose intravaginal treatments are available for the treatment of BV, namely, clindamycin cream and metronidazole gel [90,91]. Single-dose clindamycin cream (2% clindamycin phosphate) yielded clinical and microbiologic cure rates of 64% and 57%, respectively [90], whereas single-dose 1.3% metronidazole gel yielded clinical and microbiologic cure rates of 37% and 18% at the 21-day visit [91]. It is unknown why microbiologic cure rates lag behind clinical cure rates and at which point lactobacilli species recover to reflect a healthy vaginal environment. Metronidazole gel 0.75% is indicated for the treatment of BV in nonpregnant women and is used intravaginally once or twice per day for 5 days. Clinical cure rates assessed 4 weeks after completion of therapy were 98/185 (53%) for the daily and 109/190 (57%) for twice-daily regimens [94]. Since clindamycin cream is oil-based, there is a potential to weaken latex condoms and diaphragms if used within 5 days of clindamycin treatment [56].
Co-delivery of isotretinoin and clindamycin by phospholipid-based mixed micellar system confers synergistic effect for treatment of acne vulgaris
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Gajanand Sharma, Yukhti Yachha, Kanika Thakur, Akanksha Mahajan, Gurjeet Kaur, Bhupinder Singh, Kaisar Raza, OP Katare
Topical antibacterial agents constitute an important part of the treatment regimen of acne as these take care of colonization by P. acnes and consequently reduce tissue inflammation at local level [16]. Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne recommends combination of retinoids and antimicrobials for acne treatment owing to its superior efficacy than monotherapy [17]. The main hindrance in combination therapy is the inconvenience of double topical application. Topical antibacterials like clindamycin phosphate (CLIN) and erythromycin act as bacteriostatic agents for P. acnes [18]. These agents also exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of lipase production by P. acnes [19]. The potential of an antibacterial agent and retinoid has been earlier reported to reach various target sites of acne pathogenesis. The retinoid acts as a comedolytic and anti-inflammatory while antibacterial agent decreases P. acnes counts [20]. The combination of both the agents reduces comedogenesis and contributes in the healing of acne lesions [21]. The literature studies have exhibited enhanced clinical efficacy of a combination of clindamycin 1% and tretinoin 0.025% in comparison to monotherapy or a combination of clindamycin 1% and adapalene 0.1% [22,23]. The therapeutic efficacy achieved with combination therapy also contributes to prevent the development of bacterial resistance as compared to monotherapy. The formulation of combination therapy presents a challenge due to diverse physicochemical properties of co-loaded drug molecules. Therefore, design of nanocarrier delivery systems like liposomes, micellar systems coloaded with dual therapies offers an opportunity to deliver both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs in a single formulation. The dual combination therapy can overcome the inconvenience issue and provide an effcacious option for treatment of acne.