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Herbal Drug Discovery Against Inflammation: From Traditional Wisdom to Modern Therapeutics
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Shalini Dixit, Karuna Shanker, Madhumita Srivastava, Priyanka Maurya, Nupur Srivastava, Jyotshna, Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule
Chrysanthemum indicum is widely used to treat immune-related and infectious disorders in East Asia for a long time. Flower oil contains 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, camphor, α-cardinal, camphene, pinocarvone, ß-caryophyllene, 3-cyclohexane-1-on, and γ-curcumene. Octulosonic acid derivative, chrysannol A, isolated from Chrysanthemum indicum flowers has also shown in-vitro anti-inflammatory effects. Results are important in terms of the development of C. indicum as an anti-inflammatory functional food (Hwang and Kim, 2013; Luyen et al., 2015). The most valued and ancient among medicinal plants G. biloba of family Ginkgoaceae rediscover its existence as important pharmacological compounds and their therapeutic effects. The worldwide sales of ginkgo leaf products are difficult to estimate but believed to be worth around half a billion USD or more (Isah, 2015). The main constituent of oil coriander linalool from Coriandrum sativum (Umbelliferae) exhibits anti-inflammatory action. The bioactive constituent α and ß pinene of Bupleurum fructicosum L. (Umbelliferae) essential oil have shown significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model (Perez, 2001). Lupeol, a novel dietary triterpene (also known as Fagarsterol) present in white cabbage, green pepper, strawberry, olive, mangoes, and grapes is reported to possess beneficial effects as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer (Mohammad, 2009).
Medicinal Plants Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Binish Khaliq, Naila Ali, Ahmed Akrem, M. Yasin Ashraf, Arif Malik, Arifa Tahir, M. Zia-Ul-Haq
Chrysanthemum decoction and Saposhnikovia divaricate medicinal herbs and was used in China during the COVID-19 disease. These herbs are native to China and Japan. When the extract of these herbs was taken to COVID-19 infected people and people showed a better defensive system to combat against this disease. The results indicated that the use of these herb extract may change the T cell because the T cells of the host increase the defensive ability [97]. Herbal medicines were used to cure the COVID-19 disease in another study results showed that herbal medicines showed the significant and positive result to reduce the symptom and shorten the disease cycle that caused by COVID-19 infection disease [98]. However, these results showed that herbal medicines are good candidate for the development of clinical trial and in vitro analysis.
Herbal Supplements and Health
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Himangini Bansal, Sakshi Bajaj
In China, Chrysanthemum indica and Chrysanthemum moriflorum are being used for very long for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and inflammation. Although traditionally used in tea preparations, other preparations include tinctures, creams, and lotions. Extracts of Chrysanthemum indicum (C. indicum) exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in acute and persistent cutaneous inflammation (Lee et al., 2009).
Neuroprotective effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium on cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury contributes to the oxidative stress suppression and related Keap1/Nrf2 pathway
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Zibin Zhang, Xiaojun Pang, Yuyu Wei, Huai Chen, Xuhong Jin, Qingping Lv
Chrysanthemum morifolium (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat; Hangbaiju) belongs to the Asteraceae family, Chrysanthemum genus. The flower of C. morifolium is widely used in China as a herbal medicine and fragrant flower tea for many disease improvement (10). The flavonoids are the major extracts from C.morifolium that contains a wide range of phytochemicals. Pharmacology researches of C. morifolium show that it has antioxidation (11,12), antimicrobial (13), anti-inflammation (14), anti-tumor (15), anti-hyperlipidemia and hypertension (16) and neuroprotective activity (17). Particularly, various studies focused on its antioxidation activity evidence the profound reactive oxygen free radical scavenging and anti-oxidative damage activities. In addition, previous studies report that the active compounds of C. morifolium displayed strong neuroprotective activity on H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (18,19). The total flavones extracted from C. morifolium were reported to protect against ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in model rats (20). And this reported neuroprotective effect may critically associate with the antioxidative damage activity.
Acacetin Alleviates Hepatitis Following Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion in Male Balb/C Mice by Antioxidants Regulation and Inflammatory Markers Suppression
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Cyrus Jalili, Nasim Akhshi, Farshid Raissi, Abdolhosein Shiravi, Alvand Alvani, Gholamhasan Vaezi, Seyed Ershad Nedaei, Ali Ghanbari
Flavonoids as secondary metabolites of the plants include thousands of compounds and characterized as medicinal plants, dominantly in Chinese herbal medicines [6,7]. Monoflavonoids (e.g., quercitrin) and polyflavonoids (e.g., tetrahydro amentoflavone) are two main categories of flavonoids which the type of polyflavonoids is generally appointed as bioflavonoids [6,7]. Five main subgroups of natural bioflavonoids have been identified [8–10]. Although as shown in Figure 1, the ACA (5,7-dihydroxy-40-methoxyflavone) is a natural monoflavone compound which its medicinal properties is confirmed by many studies, the rest are skeptical in this regard. In 2017, Andrade research team compared the bioactive constituents of brown, green, and red species of Brazilian propolis. Although the ACA was involved in flavonoid contents, their results represented more antioxidant capacity in phenolic compounds than flavonoids [11]. Another experiment compared the constituents of purple Chrysanthemum with a commercially available yellow chrysanthemum and their antioxidant properties. They indicated that, although the yellow Chrysanthemum contains high amount of ACA, but it has less antioxidant property than the purple Chrysanthemum which is rich in anthocyanin [12]. Han and colleagues confirmed high antioxidant activity of phenolic constituent in Chrysanthemum than its flavonoids [13].
Effects of the total dose and duration of γ-irradiation on the growth responses and induced SNPs of a Cymbidium hybrid
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Sang Hoon Kim, Yeong Deuk Jo, Jaihyunk Ryu, Min Jeong Hong, Byoung-Cheorl Kang, Jin-Baek Kim
Regarding mutation breeding with physical mutagens, the optimal irradiation condition refers to the condition that induces desirable genomic mutations, with minimal radiation damages. Researchers have used the 30–50% lethal dose (LD30–50) for constructing a mutant population (Kodym et al. 2012). However, Yamaguchi et al. (2009) revealed that the mutation frequency is highest at a shoulder dose, which is approximately the LD10 in rice (i.e. seed-propagated plant species). To the best of our knowledge, there is relatively little published research regarding the optimal irradiation condition for vegetatively propagated plant species. Lee, Lee, et al. (2016) and Kodym et al. (2012) respectively suggested that the 50% reduction dose (RD50) and the RD30–50 were the optimal conditions for inducing mutations. Researchers have considered the total irradiation dose for inducing mutations in diverse plant species, but there has been relatively little consideration given to the dose rate and irradiation duration, which are also crucial factors. Previous studies on oat and maize indicated that mutations are more effectively induced with increasing dose rates, even if the total dose remains the same (Mabuchi and Matsumura 1964; Nishiyama et al. 1966). However, Yamaguchi et al. (2008) reported that the mutation frequency for chrysanthemum is dependent on the total dose, not the dose rate. In contrast, Kim et al. (2016) suggested that a specific irradiation duration or dose rate may effectively induce mutations in chrysanthemum.