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Miscellaneous pesticides*
Published in Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach, Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach
Paraquat or methyl viologen (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-dipyridylium dichloride), diquat, chlormequat (Cycocel), mepiquat (Pix), morfamquat, and difenzoquat (Avenge) are water-soluble quaternary ammonium herbicides supplied in concentrations of 20–50%. They are inactivated by contact with soil, presumably as a result of combination with clay particles in the soil, and are also subject to rapid photodecomposition.
Surviving chlormequat poisoning – pharmacokinetics and the role of atropine
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Ingo Hartter, Daniela Remane, Christian Rabe, Dirk K. Wissenbach, Frank T. Peters, Florian Eyer
Chlormequat chloride (2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride) is a plant growth regulator. In mammals chlormequat has a direct agonistic effect on muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors [1–3]. In case of poisoning it causes cholinergic symptoms including increased depolarization of the motoric endplate resulting in muscle weakness and respiratory arrest. Despite its easy availability, there are only few reported cases of chlormequat poisoning – most of them with a fatal outcome [2]. This case report gives some additional insight into the clinical presentation of this rare intoxication and provides some data regarding human pharmacokinetics of chlormequat.
Abstracts book
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2020
Chlormequat is a highly toxic and often lethal agent in humans, even in low doses, yielding a clinical picture resembling the toxic syndrome associated with anticholinesterase poisoning. Twelve fatal chlormequat intoxications have been described, of which one following auto-injection. Only one patient with a non-fatal course has been reported, who was successfully resuscitated after a witnessed cardiopulmonary arrest following oral ingestion. Treatment of chlormequat poisoning is supportive, and based on animal models, including low-dose atropine to stop muscarinergic effects; high doses of atropine should be avoided as it might be associated with higher mortality.