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Patagonian Berries
Published in José L. Martinez, Amner Muñoz-Acevedo, Mahendra Rai, Ethnobotany, 2019
Melina F. Chamorro, Ana Ladio, Soledad Molares
According to various sources (Ragonese and Martínez-Crovetto 1947, Muñoz et al. 1981, Mösbach 1992), the Mapuche people consumed these berries fresh or used them to make jams and syrups by mixing the fruit with sugar. In parallel with this, there are records of their consumption by the Alacaluf, Selk-nam and Yaganes indigenous people (Martínez-Crovetto 1982). Also mentioned in the literature is ingestion of the fruit to quench thirst or in the preparation of alcoholic drinks (Ragonese and Martínez-Crovetto 1947, Martínez-Crovetto 1980). One of these drinks is “chicha”, prepared with the fermented berries and commonly used in rituals or festivities. According to Martínez-Crovetto (1982), the Tehuelche people also prepared a drink with the fruit of this species, but in contrast to chicha, it is not fermented. The use of B. microphylla for medicinal purposes has been described in the Mapuche medical system as being refreshing for feverishness and useful for treating indigestion (Gusinde 1917, Mösbach 1992). Mösbach (1992) also refers to use of the fruit for treating diarrhea.
Birth seasons and heights among girls and boys below 12 years of age: lasting effects and catch-up growth among native Amazonians in Bolivia
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2018
Marek Brabec, Jere R Behrman, Susan D. Emmett, Edward Gibson, Celeste Kidd, William Leonard, Mary E. Penny, Steven T. Piantadosi, Abhishek Sharma, Susan Tanner, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Ricardo A Godoy
The traditional Tsimane’ diet consists of rice, manioc and plantains as the main sources of calories, with food from domesticated animals, fish and wild game as the principal sources of animal proteins. Maize occupies a secondary role in the diet. Manioc and plantains are harvested throughout the year, but the other food crops in the Tsimane’ diet vary by season (Vadez and Fernández-Llamazare 2014). Rice and maize are harvested once a year, during February–April, but a smaller harvest of maize occurs during the dry season (July–August). Whereas rice is eaten directly, maize and manioc are often used as ingredients in the production of a traditional fermented beverage (chicha). Fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild fruits take place from May until December. Analysis of household-level food consumption suggest that the Tsimane’ diet meets daily energy and protein requirements (Zhang et al. 2016), but might be short of key micronutrients. Thus, child stunting probably captures more the effects of infectious diseases and poor quality diet than limited amounts of food (Godoy et al. 2005).