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Monographs of Chemicals Not Used as Fragrances Per Se But Present as Allergens in Botanical Products Used as Fragrances
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Ascaridole per se is not used as a fragrance material, but is discussed here as it is a constituent of botanical products which may be applied in perfumery, notably Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) leaf oil. Next to tea tree oil, the best known source of ascaridole is Chenopodium ambrosioides (24). The essential oil of C. ambrosioides contains 40–70% ascaridole, and was formerly used as an anthelminthic. Because of its toxicity, this oil is no longer used in humans (7). Another potential source of ascaridole, boldo leaf (Peumus boldus Molina) is used as a herbal remedy for various conditions (7). Boldo leaf essential oil is banned from use in cosmetics (prohibited by IFRA: www.ifraorg.org/en-us/standards-library), and its use as a herbal remedy is discouraged, in view of the potential risks associated with the toxicity of ascaridole (11).
Traditional Uses, Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Properties of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Dysphania ambrosioides) L. Mosyakin & Clemants
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Sabrina Baleixo da Silva, Jhonatas Rodrigues Barbosa, Luiza Helena da Silva Martins, Mahendra Rai, Alessandra Santos Lopes
Chenopodium ambrosioides is a medicinal plant, found in countries with tropical, subtropical, temperate climate and some regions of the Mediterranean and Central America (Sá 2015). It is commonly known as mastruz, tea from Mexico. Traditionally, it is used against hookworm and roundworm (Castellanos 2008, Sérvio et al. 2011, Grassi et al. 2013). From a botanical point of view, it is considered an annual or short-lived perennial herb and its reproduction occurs by seeds (Dembitsky et al. 2008).
Ethanolic Extracts of Dysphania ambrosioides Alleviates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Experimental Animals
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
Rajashri Bezbaruah, Chandana C. Barua, Lipika Buragohain, Pobitra Borah, Iswar Chandra Barua, Ghanshyam Panigrahi
Dysphania ambrosioides (DA) (syn. Chenopodium ambrosioides) belongs to the family Amaranthaceae (Pereira et al., 2010). In Assamese, DA is known as Jilmil Sak (Patiri and Borah, 2007) and it is also popularly known as American wormseed, mastruz, epazote, paico, Mexican tea, and erva-de-santa-maria (Kliks 1985; Sá et al., 2016).
Bio-efficacy and physiological effects of Eucalyptus globulus and Allium sativum essential oils against Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Morteza Shahriari, Arash Zibaee, Leila Shamakhi, Najmeh Sahebzadeh, Diana Naseri, Hassan Hoda
Allelochemicals produced by plants have been recognized as the important exogenous resource that generated free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Wei et al. 2015). Overproduction of ROSs, such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and single oxygen resulted in oxidative stress of insects which may causes by natural or artifacts factors e.g. chemicals (Ahmad and Pardini 1990, Lukasik 2007). Oxidative stress ultimately leads to lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein oxidation, and DNA damage (Dubovskiy et al. 2008). SOD, POX and CAT are the three antioxidant enzymes to protect insect tissues against oxidative stress. SOD is located in mitochondria and cytosol that catalyzes dismutation of toxic superoxide radicals (O2−) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2). Thereafter, H2O2 converted to H2O and O2 by CAT and POX present in cytosol (Barbehenn 2002, Dubovskiy et al. 2008). In our study, activities of SOD, CAT and POX significantly increased in the EOs-fed larvae compared to control highlighting their induction due to oxidative stress and removing products of ROS in tissues of EOs-treated E. kuehniella larvae. Similar results were found on effects of α-pinene, trans-anethole, and thymol on the larvae of E. kuehniella (Shahriari et al. 2018). Wei et al. (2015) reported that contact and fumigant toxicities of Chenopodium ambrosioides (Chenopodiaceae) and constituents (p-cymene and α-terpinene) led to higher activities of SOD, CAT, and POX against P. xylostella. The authors concluded that inhibition of POX may be due to the low level of ROS in the tissues for induction of this enzyme. Lin et al. (2018) demonstrated that saponin extracted tea led to the higher activities of SOD, CAT, and POX in the midgut of third instar larvae of P. xylostella. Moreover, Dhivya et al. (2018) demonstrated significant higher activities of SOD and CAT in S. litura exposed to hexane extract of Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae).