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Immunologically Mediated Diseases and Allergic Reactions
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
Kim A. Campbell, Caroline C. Whitacre
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is the most common type of immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Hay fever affects between ten to twenty percent of the U.S. population. Hay fever is a misnomer because hay does not cause the problem nor is there any fever associated with the symptomatology. The symptoms of hay fever that occur following exposure to ragweed pollen or other allergens include sneezing, itchy nose, watery eyes, headache, congestion, and sinusitis. Seasonal allergic rhinitis occurs between the months of June and September when concentrations of windborne fungus and pollen from grass, trees, and weeds are greatest. The culprits of perennial rhinitis can include pet hair, dust mites, mold spores, and cockroaches. Bronchial asthma, eczema, urticaria (hives), and food allergies are less common than hay fever but are additional examples of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to environmental allergens.
Integrative Allergy and Asthma for Traditional Practice
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
William S Silvers, Heidi Bailey
Butterbur (Petasiteshybridus) (Fig. 30.2): Has an inhibitory effect on leukotrienes and histamine synthesis (Thomet et al. 2002). Shown to be as effective as cetirizine (Schapowal 2002) and fexofenadine. Caution: may not be appropriate for patients Ragweed allergic.
Weed pollen allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Michael Hauser, Gabriele Gadermaier, Sabrina Wildner, Lisa Pointner, Michael Wallner, Fatima Ferreira
The first successful weed pollen allergen immunotherapy (AIT) trial was reported by George Clowes in 1913. The author used aqueous ragweed pollen extracts injected subcutaneously to ameliorate allergic symptoms of eight ragweed-allergic subjects [102]. More than 100 years have passed, but weed pollen allergies are still routinely treated with pollen extracts. The major disadvantages of extract-based subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) are related to the risk of treatment-induced systemic reactions including anaphylaxis, and the frequent and long-lasting dosing schedule, which usually lasts for several years.
The rising of allergic respiratory diseases in a changing world: from climate change to migration
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Benedetta Biagioni, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Gennaro D’Amato, Lorenzo Cecchi
First of all, global warming interferes with plant phenology, altering the bio-geographic distribution of plants and affecting the vegetal life cycle [12]. An actual increased pollen production and an augmented duration of pollen exposure, due to the extension of growing season, was demonstrated for several trees producing allergenic pollen, such as birch, oak and olive tree [13]. A increased length of pollen season was also reported for ragweed and associated to lengthening of the frost free period [14]. Also, a general trend toward an earlier start of flowering season of grass was observed and associated to climate change [15]. As expected, climate conditions leading to the increase in airborne pollen concentration influence the prevalence and severity of ARD. In this regard, hot, dry and sunny meteorological conditions have been associated with increased pollen count and augmented allergic rhinitis prevalence in children, while wetter conditions and lower mean temperatures have been related to a lower hay fever prevalence [16].
Associations of atopy and asthma during aging of an adult population over a 20-year follow-up
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2018
Diogenes S. Ferreira, Sonia Kaushik, Catherine L. Smith, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Geza P. Benke, Bruce R. Thompson, E. Haydn Walters, Rory Wolfe, Michael J. Abramson
There was some variability in the measurement of atopy with SPT in all three surveys, with moderate to good agreement between SPT and allergen sIgE for cat and house dust mite. Specific IgE results are less subject to variability so we advise caution in interpreting the results of SPT alone. We have tried to minimise additional variability in the interpretation of SPT using a skin prick test cut-off that was most reproducible between fieldworkers (15) and most consistent with allergen sIgE (16). Ragweed was the only pollen tested at all three surveys and the prevalence of sensitization was low, which further limited the interpretation of longitudinal changes in pollen sensitization.
Ragweed allergy immunotherapy tablet MK-3641 (Ragwitek®) for the treatment of allergic rhinitis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2018
There is a high degree of cross-reactivity among the ragweeds. Short ragweed extract inhibited ImmunoCAP of giant ragweed and western ragweed >90% in 98% of sera from ragweed allergic subjects[7]. Using pooled sera from ragweed allergic subjects, the short ragweed extract inhibited binding in the ADVIA Centaur (Siemens Medical Solutions, Diagnostics, Tarrytown, New York) of serum IgE to three major and seven minor ragweed species by 90–100%[7].