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Antitumor Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Some brown seaweeds produce sulfated homo-heterofucans, which have shown effective antitumor activities with a wide range of mechanisms, which stands as a valuable source (Xin et al. 2000b). Sulfated polysaccharides, such as heparin, cellulose sulfate, and dextran sulfate, were reported to block the infectivity of papillomaviruses (Spoden et al. 2013). Polysaccharide fraction (sulfated fucans) isolated from the brown seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum was reported to promote morphological modifications in HeLa cells at low (2.5 pg mL−1) concentrations (Stevan et al. 2001). Polysaccharides and terpenoids from brown algae are considered as promising bioactive molecules with anticancer activity by Devery et al. (2001) and Taskin et al. (2010). Polysaccharide-rich extract from Sargassum filipéndula showed antiproliferative effect on HeLa cell (human uterine adenocarcinoma cell) proliferation (Costa et al. 2010) (see Table 6.1).
Current advances in cell therapeutics: a biomacromolecules application perspective
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Samson A. Adeyemi, Yahya E. Choonara
Similarly, the use of anti-angiogenic molecules to inhibit the secretion of growth factors is another strategy that was employed for cancer suppression (Figure 5). This application was explored by implanting alginate-poly L-lysine (PLL) microcapsules loaded with xenogenic cells that were genetically engineered to produce endostatin, an endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule that initiates apoptosis in tumor cells [171]. However, the site-specific delivery of the microcapsules was not practicable for treating patients with multiple tumors or those that have metastasised. As such, advanced approaches have evolved that employ systemic implantation of microcapsules for cancer cell therapeutics [172]. A murine model of pancreatic cancer was investigated using genetically engineered cytochrome P450 to secret feline epithelial cells encapsulated in cellulose sulfate polymers to treat solid tumors [173]. This study demonstrated the use of enzyme secreting cells to induce the activity of chemotherapeutics. Based on the outcomes, NovaCaps, an encapsulated cell therapy product was investigated for Phase I and II clinical trials to treat pancreatic cancer [174]. Interestingly, the product has been adopted and declared by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) as an ‘orphan drug.’ Using the same product, follow up Phase I and II clinical trials validated the results from the first trial with an approximate doubling in patients’ survival time with those suffering with type IV pancreatic cancer [175].
Successful diabetes management without immunosuppressivedrugs in NHP model has been demonstrated. Encapsulation system with taperednanopore conduits achieved normal glycaemia with regulated insulin release
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Sodium Alginate Cellulose Sulfate (CS)CACL2 Bead Slowly Dissolved Bead Slowly Dissolved PMCG Thin membrane Swelling and Rupture Thick membrane Shrunk and Stable PLL Thin membrane Stable No capsule, precipitated.