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Cefaclor, Cefprozil, and Loracarbef
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis are usually cefprozil susceptible, irrespective of beta-lactamase production. Among the Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, P. mirabilis, Citrobacter diversus, and most Salmonella, Shigella, and Klebsiella spp. are susceptible to cefprozil. Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens, Providencia, and Enterobacter spp. are cefprozil resistant because of AmpC beta-lactamase production.
Bilateral Acute Depigmentation of Iris (BADI) and Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination (BAIT)Following Acute COVID-19 Infection
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Cigdem Altan, Berna Basarir, Serife Bayraktar, Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
In all patients COVID-19 was diagnosed with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the nasopharyngeal swabs. COVID-19 infection was mild in seven, moderate in three and severe in six patients. Based on the medical records of six patients who had severe infection, CRP and ESR were high in all of them, ferritin level was high in four and D-dimer was high in two patients. Blood analysis was found to be within normal limits at the time of presentation. During COVID-19 infection, nine patients were treated with oral moxifloxacin and four patients with another antibiotics, including cefuroxime (2), cefprozil (1), and a combination of a β-lactamase inhibitor with amoxicillin and azithromycin (1). Three patients could not give information about whether they used antibiotics or not. None of our patients had a history of topical fluoroquinolone use prior to BADI/BAIT.
Functional profile of host microbiome indicates Clostridioides difficile infection
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Etienne Nzabarushimana, Haixu Tang
Here, we attempted to evaluate the confounding impact of antibiotic treatment on CDI by assessing the predictive power of the LR models on three tasks: 1) the prediction of CDI independent of the antibiotic treatment (Figure 4a,d), 2) the prediction of antibiotic treatment regardless of CDI status (Figure 4c,f), and 3) the classification between CDI+ cases vs antibiotic treated individuals (ABX+; Figure S2 D). For task 2, CDI+ cases and ABX+ cases (taking and after taking antibiotics) form one class (the negative class), while CDI- and ABX- form the positive class. We used data from Palleja et al.,47 where healthy individuals were given a cocktail of the three last resort antibiotics (meropenem, gentamicin, and vancomycin) for 4 days and followed up to 180 days post-intervention. We also used data from the Raymond et al. study50 in which healthy individuals were administered a second-generation cephalosporin, cefprozil for 7 days and followed for up to 3 months.
Clinical considerations for oral beta-lactams as step-down therapy for Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Bryan T. Mogle, Mario V. Beccari, Jeffrey M. Steele, Tasaduq Fazili, Wesley D. Kufel
In the absence of specific MIC values, the use of wild-type MIC distributions may be considered when selecting an OBL that is predicted to be susceptible based on surrogate susceptibility testing [15]. For example, wild-type MIC values occurring in the highest frequency for amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, and cefpodoxime for E. coli are 4 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 0.5 mg/L, respectively [16]. Taking these values into consideration with the data presented in Table 3, cephalexin 1000 mg every 6 h appears to offer the highest likelihood of PD target attainment amongst OBL in a patient with normal renal function, however, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate (when dosed every 8 h), cefaclor, and cefpodoxime may be suitable options at lower MICs, if known. Cefprozil, cefuroxime, and cefdinir appear to offer a low likelihood of PD target attainment. In patients with renal impairment requiring OBL dose adjustments, the overall exposure and influence on PD target attainment are unclear.