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Cephalothin and Cefazolin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Kerina J. Denny, Jeffrey Lipman, Jason A. Roberts
Cephalothin (also spelled cefalothin and cefalotin) and cefazolin (also spelled cephazolin) are semisynthetic cephalosporins derived from cephalosporin C, a natural antibiotic produced by a strain of the fungus Acremonium chrysogenum (previously known as Cephalosporium acremonium) (Griffith and Black, 1964). The cephalosporin C nucleus, 7-ACA, is closely related but not identical to the penicillin nucleus, 6-APA. Although very similar compounds (Wick and Preston, 1972), cefazolin was introduced after cephalothin with the practical advantage of maintaining higher serum concentrations because of its longer half-life. Both cephalothin and cefazolin are described as first-generation cephalosporins.
A comparison of urethral catheterization duration - three weeks versus two weeks after bulbar urethroplasty
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2021
Marius Joachim Beiske, Henriette Veiby Holm, Ole Jacob Nilsen
All patients received prophylactic antibiotics; Cefalotin 2 g × 2 during the surgery and Cefalexin 500 mg × 4 postoperatively for two days. At the time of discharge from the hospital, Trimetoprim 160 mg × 2 was prescribed for use during DUC unless preoperative urinary culture indicated otherwise. Urine cultures were assessed preoperatively and at the time of clinical reassessment two or three weeks after surgery. At the three-month clinical reassessment patients were asked about clinical signs of urinary tract infections (UTI), but urine cultures were not routinely performed unless indicated. UTI was defined as the combination of bacteriuria and clinical signs of UTI. The patients were also examined for stricture recurrence by uroflowmetry and measurement of post void residual urine, and if indicated also by urethrocystoscopy and/or retrograde urethrogram. Stricture recurrence was defined as a urethral stricture in need of a new operative intervention.
Higher cartilage wear in unipolar than bipolar hemiarthroplasties of the hip at 2 years: A randomized controlled radiostereometric study in 19 fit elderly patients with femoral neck fractures
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2018
Wender Figved, Stian Svenøy, Stephan M Röhrl, Jon Dahl, Lars Nordsletten, Frede Frihagen
Patients were operated with a hemiarthroplasty using an uncemented press-fit hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stem (Corail, DePuy Orthopaedics Inc, Warzaw, IN, USA). The BHA group received a 28 mm cobalt chromium head and a bipolar head (Self-Centering™ Bipolar, DePuy Orthopaedics Inc, Warzaw, IN, USA). The UHA group received a modular unipolar head (Modular Cathcart Unipolar, DePuy Orthopaedics Inc, Warzaw, IN, USA). Both head options were available in 1 mm size increments. The diameter of the femoral head was measured using full circular measurement templates during surgery (Jeffery and Ong 2000), and the corresponding prosthetic head size was chosen (Table 1). Arthroplasty was performed through a posterior approach with the patient in the lateral decubitus position, using spinal anesthesia. 5 or 6 1 mm tantalum (Ta) spherical markers were inserted in the pelvis around the acetabulum, and 3 in the anterior superior iliac spine, using an UmRSA Injector (RSA BioMedical, Umea, Sweden) (Figure 2). 6 experienced surgeons conducted the procedures. All patients were given preoperative intravenous cefalotin 2 g and a further 3 doses in the first 12 hours after the operation. All patients received 5000 IU low molecular weight heparin subcutaneously daily for at least 10 days. Early mobilization was encouraged, with weight bearing as tolerated.
Compliance to antibiotic guidelines leads to more appropriate use of antibiotics in skin and soft tissue infections in injecting drug users
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2019
Marit Nymoen Aasbrenn, Ivar Skeie, Dag Berild
In Aker Hospital guidelines, which are in accordance with national guidelines, penicillin is the drug of choice for erysipelas and dicloxacillin or cloxacillin for cellulitis. In patients with allergy to penicillins, erythromycin, cefalotin/cefalexin or clindamycin are antibiotics of choice. The guidelines emphasize that therapy should be adjusted according to culture and susceptibility results. The guidelines give no antibiotic recommendations regarding abscesses, but the consensus is established that simple incision and drainage is the standard treatment. If antibiotics are indicated, dicloxacillin or cloxacillin are preferred and metronidazole might be added if anaerobic pathogens are suspected.