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Vinca rosea (Madagascar Periwinkle) and Adhatoda vesica (Malabar Nut)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Rajib Hossain, Md Shahazul Islam, Dipta Dey, Muhammad Torequl Islam
In cell culture, the alkaloid component of dried leaves was potent in CA-9KB, with the median effective dosage (ED50) of 0.0435 g/mL (El-Sayed and Cordell, 1981). At the dose of 50 mg, plant extract exerts a cytotoxic effect. The leaf extract of V. rosea has been shown to inhibit human cancer cell proliferation (Wong et al., 2011). Catharanthine produces cytotoxic action on the HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cell line at 200 µg/mL (Siddiqui et al., 2010).
Antitubulin Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Vinblastine is produced by the Catharanthus roseus plant (the Madagascar periwinkle) which produces the two alkaloidal subunits, catharanthine and vindoline (shown as subunits A and B in Figure 4.7), and is able to join them together enzymatically in a relatively low yield. Having been used as a folk remedy for centuries, studies in the 1950s revealed that Catharanthus roseus contains over 70 alkaloids, many of which are biologically active.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Quite a few alkaloids have been isolated from the plant, a number of them interesting pharmacologically: ajmalicine, akuammicine, akuammine, alstonine, ammocaline, carosi-dine, carosine, catharanthine, catharicine, Catharine, catharosine, cavincidine, cavincine, cleavamine, deacetylvincaleucoblastine, deacetylvindoline, dihydrositsirikine, isoleurodine, isositsirikine, leurocristine, leurosidine (vinrosidine), leurosidine, leurosine, leurosivine, lochnericine, lochnerine, lochnerinine, lochnerivine, lochrovidine, lochrovine, maandrosine, mitraphylline, neoleurocristine, neoleurosidine, pericalline, permividine, perimivine, peri-vine, perosine, pleurosine, reserpine, rovidine, rovidine sulfate, serpentine, sitsirikine, te-trahydroalstonine, tetrahydroserpentine, vinaphamine, vinaspine, vinblastine, vincaleucob-lastine, vincamicine, vincamine, vincarodine, vincathicine, sulfate, vinceine, vincolidine, vincoline, vincristine, vindoiicine, vindolidine, vindoline, vindolinine, vindorosine, vinos-idine, vinsedecine, vinsesine, virosine, yohimbine. The root bark contains 2.0% of a phenolic resin and 0.03% d-camphor. The leaves yield an oleoresin and a small amount of volatile oil containing aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and sulfur compounds, furfural, lochnerol and lochnerallol, two glycosides (adenosine, roseoside), deoxyloganin, loganin, tannin, carotene, sterols, ursolic acid, and a flavone derivative. Some of the alkaloids have both antitumor and tumorigenic attributes, suggesting what I have come to believe, that a given species will contain many pairs of compounds which are antagonistic. Catharanthine is diuretic, ajmalicine is antidiuretic. Will the body of the patient who needs the diuretic select catharanthine or reject ajmalicine? Ajmalicine (raubasine) has a broad application in circulatory diseases, especially in the relief of obstruction of normal cerebral blood flow. In combination with rauwolfia alkaloids it has been used to lower high blood pressure.59 Toxicity — Same as Catharanthus lanceus.
Delivery of vinblastine-containing niosomes results in potent in vitro/in vivo cytotoxicity on tumor cells
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Boshra Amiri, Hasan Ahmadvand, Ali Farhadi, Aazam Najmafshar, Mohsen Chiani, Dariush Norouzian
Vinblastine (VB) is a vinca alkaloid with antineoplastic properties [4–6]. According to monograph and drug bank of VB, the vinca alkaloids are structurally similar compounds comprised of two multi-ringed units: vindoline and catharanthine. The vinca alkaloids have become clinically useful since the discovery of their anti-tumour properties in 1959. Initially, extracts of the periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus) were investigated because of putative hypoglycemic properties, but were noted to cause marrow suppression in rats and anti-leukemic effects in vitro. The anticancer activity of vinblastine is carried out through inhibition of the polymerization of tubulin to form microtubules, as well as inducing depolymerization of formed tubules. Vinblastine may also interfere with nucleic acid and protein synthesis by blocking glutamic acid utilization. Vinca alkaloids are cell cycle phase-specific for M phase and S phase. The risk of severe side effects such as immunosuppressive activity, neurotoxicity, and susceptibility to multidrug resistance, has limited their clinical application.
Vinorelbine’s anti-tumor actions may depend on the mitotic apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation: hypotheses with implications for chemo-immunotherapy of advanced cancers and pediatric gliomas
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2018
Meric A. Altinoz, Aysel Ozpinar, Ebru Emekli Alturfan, Ilhan Elmaci
Vinorelbine is a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid and similar to other vinca alkaloids, arrests the tumor cells in G2 and metaphase of the cell cycle by inhibiting tubulin depolymerization and mitotic spindle formation.1 Vinorelbine’s anti-tumor effects are summarized in Table 1. Vinorelbine has a modified catharantine nucleus; and therefore acts lesser on neuronal axonal tubules causing lower neurotoxicity.1 Further, the substitution on the catharanthine instead of the vindole moiety provides enhanced lipophilicity, enhancing the drug penetration into cancer cells.2Vinca alkaloid’s suppression of microtubules mediates their ability to block mitosis. After nuclear envelope breakdown in mitosis, the microtubules originating from opposite spindle poles become attached at their plus ends to the centromeres at the kinetochores. Kinetochore-microtubules and associated motor proteins are responsible for the chromosomal movement. In U2OS (human osteosarcoma cells) vinorelbine suppressed cell growth by 50% at an IC50 of 5.7 nM. At concentrations approximating the IC50s for mitotic accumulation (7.3 nM), vinorelbine decreased centromere dynamicity by 25% and increased the time centromeres spent in a paused state by 52%.3