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Anti-Hyperglycemic Property Of Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Karanpreet Singh Bhatia, Arpita Roy, Navneeta Bhardavaj
Carum carvi with a common name caraway or meridian fennel, is a member of Apiaceae family. It is endemic to Western Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Aqueous extract of caraway when administrated to STZ-I hyperglycemic rats at a dosage of 0.03 and 0.06 g/kg b.w. for 2 months resulted in a decrease in serum sugar levels, creatinine, total urinary protein and thus demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic as well as reno-protective ability. These properties were due to flavonoids and carvones present in caraway extract (Sadiq et al., 2010). Oral administration of C. carvi at a dosage of 1 g/kg b.w. daily in hyperglycemic male Wistar rats resulted in a remarkable lowering of blood glucose levels, alleviation of their loss in body weight and reduction in total cholesterol and LDL levels (Haidari et al., 2011).
Re-Highlighting the Potential Natural Resources for Treating or Managing the Ailments of Gastrointestinal Tract Origin
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Vaibhav Shende, Sameer A. Hedaoo, Mojabir Hussen Ansari, Pooja Bhomle, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
It consists of dried fruits of Carum carvi. The fruit is the therapeutically active plant part. The essential oil obtained from the whole plant is as follows: α-pinene, 0.2%; β-pinene, 0.3%; Camphene, 0.3%; myrcene, 1.5%; δ-3-carene, 1.0%; Limonene, 4.2%; γ-terpene, 2.7%; p-cymene, 0.3%; cadinene, 37.2%; myristicine, 1.2%; carvyl and dihydrocarvyl acetate, 1.1%; dihydrocarvone, 2.3%; carvone, 31.2%; terpinine-4-ol, 1,2-dihydrocarveol, 9.5%; etc. The extract of C. carvi is tested for its potential anti-ulcerogenic activity against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers of the rat as well as for its antisecretory and cytoprotective activities. The extract produced a dose structured anti-ulcerogenic activity associated with a reduced acid output and a multiplied mucin secretion, a boom in prostaglandin E2 release and a decrease in leukotrienes. The impact on pepsin content material is alternatively variable and did not appear to endure a relationship with the anti-ulcerogenic activity.
An Overview of Important Endemic Plants and Their Products in Iran
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Carum carvi (Figure 7.21) is a biennial plant growing up to 0.6 m by 0.3 m. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The plant is self-fertile. It is suitable to grow in light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. It is suitable to grow in the soil with acid, neutral, and basic (alkaline) pH. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil. The seed is antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactogogue, and stimulant. The seed is also used in the treatment of bronchitis and are an ingredient of cough remedies, especially useful for children. The seed is also said to increase the production of breast milk in nursing mothers. A tea made from the seeds is a pleasant stomachic and carminative, and it has been used to treat flatulent colic (Zargari, 2014; Mozaffarian, 2011; Plant for a Future; Khan et al., 2016b).
In vivo effect of Kaempferia parviflora extract on pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Catheleeya Mekjaruskul, Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
In parallel, the analysis of the pharmacokinetic interaction, co-administration of K. parviflora extract decreased AUC (about 79.5%), Cmax (about 76.5%), and T1/2 (about 49.2%) and increased Ke (about 100%) and Cl (about 100%) of acetaminophen. Our findings are in accordance with those of Tripathi et al. (2009), who investigated the herbal-drug interaction between acetaminophen and Vitex negundo and reported the decrease of AUC, Cmax and relative bioavailability values of acetaminophen when co-administered with V. negundo. However, there was no significant change in the Ke and T1/2 of acetaminophen in the present of V. negundo. Moreover, Samojilik et al. (2012) also reported the decrease of AUC and Cmax of acetaminophen in the presence of Carum carvi. However, the mechanism of interactions between acetaminophen and V. negundo or C. carvi have not previously reported. Since K. parviflora extract had been reported to induce CYP2E1 activity (Mekjaruskul et al.2012a) and acetaminophen is hydroxylated via CYP2E1 to give the major hepatotoxin, NAPQI (Ward and Alexander-Williams 1999). Thus, the decreases of AUC, Cmax, and T1/2 and the increase of Ke and Cl of acetaminophen when co-given with K. parviflora extract may imply that K. parviflora extract induced CYP2E1 activity and then may lead to increased levels of NAPQI. Long term treatments using a combination of acetaminophen and K. parviflora extract should be monitored for possible liver toxicity via NAPQI. Nevertheless, further studies concerning the blood levels of NAPQI and liver enzymes during the concomitant use of acetaminophen plus K. parviflora extract are needed to determine the potential extent of liver toxicity.