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Rosmarinic Acid: A Boon in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Md. Adil Shaharyar, Mahfoozur Rahman, Kumar Anand, Chowdhury Mobaswar Hossain, Imran Kazmi, Sanmoy Karmakar
Oral carcinogenesis was induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz anthracene (DMBA) to investigate the inhibitory anti-cancer activities of rosmarinic acid. For this study, the biomarkers involved in lipid peroxidation (LPO), Inhibitory effects of rosmarinic acid against DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis by evaluating both the expression patterns of immunity (p53 and bcl-2) and biochemical markers (LPO, antioxidants, and detoxification enzymes) (Anusuya et al., 2011). Phytochemicals like carnosol, ursolic acid, carnosic acid obtained from rosemary have anti-oxidant and chemoprotective properties. These act by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein and can cause food-drug interaction (Nabekura et al., 2010)
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Muhammad Imran, Abdur Rauf, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Saud Bawazeer, Seema Patel, Zafar Ali Shah
Carnosol (another well-known diterpene) reduced formalin-activated inflammation. Additionally, both the carnosol and extract had no impact on corticosterone concentration compared to the control group. Carnosol suppressed the activity of COX-1 andCOX-2 and inhibited the inflammation and pain stimulated due to injection of formalin, which might be the reason in retardation of COX-1 andCOX-2 [40].
Herbal Product Development and Characteristics
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Mirian Pateiro, Rubén Domínguez, Predrag Putnik, Danijela Bursać Kovačević, Francisco J. Barba, Paulo S. E. Munekata, Elena Movilla Fierro, José M. Lorenzo
The essential oils extracted from the leaves of Salvia genus, especially from S. officinalis L., have a great antioxidant activity, but still lesser than those found in other essential oils of the same family (Estevez et al., 2007). However, its effect on lipid oxidation, lipid-derived volatiles, and degradation of PUFA is higher than synthetic antioxidants like BHT, which makes it a good alternative against synthetic antioxidants. Carnosic acid and carnosol are the phenolic compounds responsible of its activity as free-radical scavengers (Estevez et al., 2007).
Natural inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase and autophagy modulators as effective antagonists for tau and β-amyloid in Alzheimer’s rat model
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
Mervat Hassan, Hisham Ismail, Olfat Hammam, Abdullrahman Elsayed, Othman Othman, Sohair Aly Hassan
Even though various extract components have demonstrated a high probability of descent activity on specific target enzymes, only Ellagic Acid, Rosmarinic Acid, and Taxifolin may exhibit inhibitory activity on all five enzymes (Figures 6 & 7). Furthermore, when compared to a currently available therapeutic option such as Donepezil, certain substances such as Taxifolin-Metabolite1, Ellagic Acid-Metabolite 2, and Ellagic Acid-Metabolite 3 may exhibit equivalent or even better activity against all target enzymes (Table 7). These findings suggest that both entire extracts have the potential to improve Alzheimer’s patients. Although, the results were insufficient to precisely determine the exact compounds to have a high contribution to the overall outcome improvement. Interestingly, although Carnosol and Carnosic acid were found to improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease as anti-inflammatory agents (Satoh et al. 2022). However, such influence wasn’t predicted for the above-mentioned targeted enzymes.
Microwave extraction of Salvia officinalis essential oil and assessment of its GC-MS identification and protective effects versus vanadium-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats models
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
Fatma Ghorbel Koubaa, Raed Abdennabi, Ahlem Soussi Ben Salah, Abdelfattah El Feki
Evidence from several studies suggests that S. officinalis has potent antioxidant activities. Enriching the drinking water of rats with S. officinalis extract increases the resistance of rat hepatocytes against oxidative stress (Horváthová et al.2016). The most effective antioxidant constituents of S. officinalis are carnosol, rosmarinic acid, and carnosic acid, followed by caffeic acid, rosmanol, rosmadial, genkwanin, and cirsimaritin (Muvelier et al.1996). The radical scavenging effect of carnosol is comparable to that of α-tocopherol (Miura et al.2002, Dianat et al.2014). The superoxide scavenging activity of the rosmarinic acid derivatives are 15–20 times more than trolox, a synthetic water-soluble vitamin E. In addition to rosmarinic acid, the other flavonoids of S. officinalis particularly quercetin and rutin have strong antioxidant activities (Azevedo et al.2013). For example, rutin reversed hexachlorobutadiene-induced elevation of lipid peroxidation and depletion of thiol content in the kidney (Sadeghnia et al.2013).
Carnosol suppresses microglia cell inflammation and apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2022
Yuhan Yan, Yu Liu, Yujiao Yang, Yi Ding, Xin Sun
Rosemary is an evergreen shrub in Labiatae family, which is native to southern Europe and is now planted all over the world [13]. Rosemary is rich in flavonoids, phenols, essential oils and mushroom compounds, and widely used for analgesic, sterilization in traditional Chinese medicine [14]. Carnosol is a polyphenol compound extracted from rosemary, belonging to diterpene phenolic compounds [15]. Previous studies have found that carnosol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Zheng et al. [16] found that carnosol improve the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rats through relieving the inflammatory response and apoptosis. However, there is no reports on the role of carnosol in cerebral ischemic stroke.