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Insights into the Recent Scientific Evidences of Natural Therapeutic Treasures as Diuretic Agents
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Vaibhav Shende, Sameer Hedaoo, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
There are many artificial drug medicines that are universally used for the treatment of high blood pressure, heart condition, and different water retention disorders.6 Modern day diuretics include ethacrynic acid, torsemide, spironolactone, hydrochlorothiazide, acetazolamide, methazol-amide, amiloride, triamterene, and mannitol (Table 4.1).7 But these medication have varied adverse effects like hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, dilutional hyponatremia, allergic manifestations, hyperuricemia, symptom, drowsiness, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, rise in blood carbamide, nausea, dizziness, muscle cramps, headache, chills, polydipsia, confusion, and pain in chest.8 Because of these adverse effects, the local populations have rapidly moved toward the natural therapy.9 In the race to find a cure for water retention-related problems, many individuals are turning to natural diuretics.10 Herbal and natural merchandise of folks medicines are used for hundreds of years in each culture throughout world.11 Scientists and medical professionals have shown inflated interest within the field as they recognized truth health edges of those remedies.12 Herbal medication have gained importance and recognition in recent years as a result of their safety, economicity, and value effectiveness.13
Non-Neoplastic Salivary Gland Diseases
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Stephen R. Porter, Stefano Fedele, Valeria Mercadante
Salivary stimulation with sugar-free chewing gum may enhance salivary flow, increasing pH and buffer capacity.191 The addition of substances such as polyols and carbamide apparently does not improve the caries-preventive effect of the chewing process itself.192 However, these actions are likely to be transient, and full-denture wearers may be unable to use them—even when the manufacturers state that these agents are suitable for them.193
Whitening, Therapeutic Esthetics, and Oral Health Improvement
Published in Linda Greenwall, Tooth Whitening Techniques, 2017
The research from Leonard et al. (1994a,b) showed that when the saliva comes in contact with the carbamide peroxide, there is an elevation in the pH to about 8 as a result of the liberation of urea. The urea and ammonia are byproducts of the breakdown process of the carbamide peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide breaks down to water and oxygen. The critical pH for demineralization is 5.2–5.5 for enamel and 6.0–6.8 for dentin (Leonard et al. 1994a).
Emerging topical drugs for the treatment of rosacea
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2021
Federica Dall’Oglio, Maria Rita Nasca, Giuseppe Micali
There is still interest in already FDA-approved agents and traditional drugs that are potential candidates for new applications. In particular, BT in combination with Dysport® (an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent) and OH combined with pulse dye laser have been evaluated in ETR. As regards PPR, AzA foam has been compared to AzA gel, tested for efficacy on Demodex count and patient’s satisfaction, and combined with vascular Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser. IVM's capability to inhibit some biochemical markers of rosacea, such as serine protease activity and IL-37 cathelicidin peptide production, as well as demodicidosis, have been evaluated. New concentrations and formulations of topical minocycline are moving fast into the available options of topical antibiotic drugs. Results on the action on rosacea of some agents already in use for acne vulgaris (such as dapsone, tretinoin 0.05% cream, and clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/tretinoin 0.025% gel) and tested in registered trials are not available so far. Finally, the therapeutical landscape of inflammatory rosacea studies includes other new patent drugs, such as 5–10% carbamide peroxide gel (code name: E-0301), also known as urea peroxide, a new generation of antiseptic agents similarly efficacy to BPO (Trial publication number: US4607101A), and other investigational applications, such as diclofenac sodium topical gel (Poster presented at the American Academy of Dermatology 64th Annual Meeting, March 3–7 2006, San Francisco).
Fomepizole to treat disulfiram-ethanol reaction: a case series
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
Azzurra Schicchi, Hélène Besson, Riana Rasamison, Marie-Pierre Berleur, Bruno Mégarbane
The rationale for fomepizole administration in DER is to prevent ethanol metabolism and the consequent acetaldehyde accumulation. Ethanol-sensitive Japanese subjects manifesting facial flushing and increase in heart rate after ethanol ingestion exhibited marked individual variation in acetaldehyde accumulation. Oral pretreatment with fomepizole in flushing healthy Asian subjects was highly effective in suppressing acetaldehyde accumulation resulting from ethanol ingestion [19]. Similar beneficial effects were obtained with fomepizole infusion in the same subjects who drank ethanol [13,19]. Clinical improvement following fomepizole administration was rapid as observed in our series and coincided with the immediate normalization in blood acetaldehyde concentrations [18], given its short elimination half-life that has been estimated at 23 min on average with a range of 18–31 min when ALDH was blocked using calcium carbamide, another potent ALDH inhibitor, in volunteers [20]. As soon as a ∼20% reduction in acetaldehyde production rate related to liver ALDH blockage by fomepizole occurs, all the acetaldehyde formed from ethanol can be oxidized [18]. Therefore, given the rapid onset of fomepizole-induced ALDH inhibition and the preserved extrahepatic capacities to oxidize acetaldehyde, it is easy to understand the prompt drop in blood acetaldehyde and the consequent rapid improvement in DER features with fomepizole treatment.
Current discovery strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Qiuzi Dai, Cunlong Zhang, Zigao Yuan, Qinsheng Sun, Yuyang Jiang
Sorafenib [59–61] is an orally available Raf inhibitor targeting multi-target tyrosine kinase. It was approved by FDA in 2007 for the treatment of advanced HCC. It acts by blocking the activities of the Raf/MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and the receptor tyrosine kinases such as VEGF2/3, consequently inhibiting HCC cells proliferation and angiogenesis. Recently, amounts of researches focused on chemical modification of sorafenib to optimize its anti-hepatocarcinoma activity. According to the crystal structure of sorafenib in complex with targeted proteins KDR (PDB: 3WZE), BRAF (PDB: 5HI2) and P38MAP (PDB: 3HEG), the pyridyl ring of sorafenib occupies the ATP-binding pocket and interacts with three amino acid residues (Trp530, Phe582, and Phe594). The lipophilic trifluoromethyl phenyl ring at the other side of the molecule inserts into a hydrophobic pocket and forms three hydrogen bonds which are considered as the most significant hydrogen interaction in the binding mode. Zhou group [62] reported that when the carbamide group of sorafenib was substituted by the amide group, the anti-hepatocarcinoma activity of the modified-compound still remained. When the ether linkage was replaced with an amide bond or the terminal methyl group was replaced with the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, the anti-hepatocarcinoma activity of the compounds could be increased significantly.