China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids present in many vegetables, fruits, leaves, and grains, and is also an ingredient of many supplements, beverages, and other food products. It has been reported that most individuals will consume up to 50 mg of quercetin a day from a typical Western diet. Some of the richest sources of quercetin include radish leaves, capers, lovage, sorrel, carob fiber, dill, cilantro, watercress, kale, Hungarian wax pepper, fennel leaves, broccoli, watercress, tomatoes, sweet potato, and red and yellow onions. According to some reports, raw capers are one of the richest sources, containing up to 234 mg per 100 g edible portion. Yellow onions are also a rich source, with the edible flesh containing 280–490 mg/kg of quercetin glucosides per bulb. In tomatoes, the quercetin is present mainly in the form of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, which accumulates in their skin, making cherry tomatoes a particularly rich source due to their high skin-to-volume ratio. Interestingly, organically grown tomatoes are reported to contain more quercetin that nonorganic tomatoes. Quercetin is also found at lower levels in popular fruits such as apples (especially Red Delicious), blueberries, bilberries, cranberries, and black plums, and is also present in black and green tea, red wine, and honey.
Assyria
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
The caper (Capparis spinosa) was known in Assyria as ‘the plant of the female pudenda perhaps suggested to the Babylonian mind by the [vulval] appearance of the flower’ and was considered a ‘drug for begetting and seed-setting’. The association between caper and vulva is probably the earliest example of what became referred to as the ‘Doctrine of signatures’, a system where like cures like, for example, heart-shaped plant leaves for heart conditions; red flowers for treating the blood; yellow flowers for jaundice. The caper contains capric acid which is responsible for its flavor. Never very popular as a medication, the plant has been used as a condiment and pickle for over 2000 years (Stuart, 1989 p. 165).
Prospects of Local Flora of Trans-Himalayan Region of Ladakh for Various Medicinal Uses
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Medicinal Plants, 2018
Gyan P. Mishra, Tsering Stobdan, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Tania Seth, Bijendra Singh
In normal and diabetic (induced) rats fed aqueous extracts of the powdered caper fruits for a two-week period, a reduction in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides was demonstrated (Eddouks 2005). A 2% aqueous gel has been used for antihistaminic effects (Trombetta et al. 2005). The leaves are used for the treatment of gout, coughs, earaches, expelling stomach worm, rheumatism, paralysis, toothaches, as a diuretic and for diabetes control (Andrade et al. 1997; Sharma 2003). The aqueous extract of the aerial parts were reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity and cappaprenol–13 isolated as an anti-inflammatory principle from capers was found to inhibit carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats by 44%, compared to 67% by standard oxyphenbutazone (Al-Said et al. 1988). The juice of the leaves and fruits of capers are used as an anticystic, a fungicide and a bactericide.
Triterpenoids and steroids isolated from Anatolian Capparis ovata and their activity on the expression of inflammatory cytokines
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Isil Gazioglu, Sevcan Semen, Ozden Ozgun Acar, Ufuk Kolak, Alaattin Sen, Gulacti Topcu
Capparis L. (Capparaceae) (caper) is represented by 200–250 species which have been widely grown in the world including the subtropical climate zones, particularly throughout Mediterranean basin. They have been cultivated and used for nutritional, cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes as well as for animal feeding, to prevent soil erosion and landscaping. Since antiquity, caper buds, fruits, bark, roots and seeds have been used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including rheumatism, kidney, liver, stomach, as well as headache and toothache (Aichi-Yousfi et al. 2016, Tlili et al. 2009, 2011). Scientific investigations have shown that capers have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, antidiabetic, antitumor, and antisclerosis (Panico et al. 2005; Argentieri et al. 2012).
Effect of flavonoids rich extract of Capparis spinosa on inflammatory involved genes in amyloid-beta peptide injected rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Nazanin Mohebali, Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli, Hossein Ghafoori, Zeinab Farahmand, Elham MohammadKhani, Faezeh Vakhshiteh, Abdolreza Ghamarian, Mansoureh Farhangniya, Mohammad Hossein Sanati
Capparis spinosa, also known as capers, is one of the plants which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory13 and anti-oxidant14–16 properties. It mainly grows in the Mediterranean basin such as Iran17 and has been used as a traditional medicine since 2000 BC, reported in ancient manuscripts by Iranians, Sumerians, Greeks, and Romans.18 In this study, we aim to survey the potential effects of C. spinosa extract on amyloidogenic related genes in Aβ-injected rat. C. spinosa leaves and fruits were analyzed for their total phenolic content and flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin. Leaves extract of C. spinosa was chosen to treat Aβ-injected rats to study alterations in BACE-1, APP, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2 genes expression.