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Advances in Nanonutraceuticals: Indian Scenario
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Amthul Azeez, Mubeen Sultana, Lucky, Noorjahan
In Unani medicine, Kushta (Calx) is the most imperative dosage form of medicine. Kushta is derived from the word “Kushtan,” a Persian word that means “Killed or Conquered.” Kushta is the nanofine particle of Unani preparation acquired by the process of Taklees (Calcination) of elements. Unani scholars state that the calcination techniques used in the preparation of calx are a specific process in which herbal juices are added. This procedure increases the effectiveness of the end product and also removes the toxicity of the element. Thus, in Unani medicine, Kushta is noted to be nanomaterial or substance that has been prepared by burning of metals/minerals at high temperature up to 700–800°C. Kushta or calx is a dosage form that is very effective in a very minimal dosage but has a very swift action because of its instant absorbing ability.
A systematic review to summarize treatment patterns, guidelines, and characteristics of patients with renal cell carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2023
Tsz Him So, Sheetal Sharma, Reizel Parij, Carmel Spiteri, Evanka Chawla, Prabhakar Pandey, Tanujaa Rajasekaran
In comparison, the recent guidelines (2019) from China proposed clinical study enrollment as the 1 L systemic therapy option for high-risk patients with advanced/metastatic ccRCC, and TKI monotherapy (sunitinib, pazopanib, or sorafenib) for low- to medium-risk patients [27]. The clinical study recommendation was largely based on the older NCCN guidelines. The recommendation for TKI monotherapy in these guidelines was founded on data supporting the mechanism of molecular targeted therapy, i.e. inactivation of the VHL gene occurs in most RCC cells, resulting in a cascade that leads to over-expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), VEGF, and Calx genes, which all play a key role in ccRCC progression [27]. TKIs are multitargeted agents that inhibit several receptors, including PDGF and VEGF; this lack of specificity can, however, result in side effects (off-target effects) that can negatively affect quality of life and may necessitate dose reductions [35]. Second‑generation TKIs, such as axitinib, may have greater potency and selectivity for VEGF [35], making them an ideal choice for monotherapy or combination therapy in Asian populations, where dose-modification strategies may complicate the use of TKIs.