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Papulosquamous Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Melek Aslan Kayıran, Jordan V. Wang, Ayşe Serap Karadağ
The most common comorbidity is psoriatic arthritis. which is a seronegative arthritis (Figure 4.5). It accompanies 5–7% of patients and can reach nearly 30% in those with severe psoriasis. It is seen equally in both genders. Although it can be positive, HLA-B27 is typically negative. Asymmetric oligoarthritis is the most common clinical presentation, and dactylitis and enthesitis can be seen. Joint pain and swelling, heel pain, and morning stiffness are common symptoms, and nail involvement is common.
Inferior heel pain
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Dishan Singh, Shelain Patel, Karan Malhotra
This chapter aims to provide an overview on the various causes of inferior heel pain, the relevant anatomy, history and investigations, and the treatment options available. The structure of the chapter serves as a guide for the reader to develop their surgical sieve and apply this knowledge in their everyday orthopaedic practice.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Heel pain – plantar fasciitis is inflammatory thickening of the plantar fascia, usually at the origin from the calcaneum and is a common cause of heel pain. The diagnosis is usually clinical but in refractory cases ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis, exclude other conditions such as plantar fibroma or fibromatosis or to guide steroid injection. Achilles tendon pathology is another common cause of heel pain located posteriorly. Chronic tendinopathy is very common as the Achilles tendon also carries a major load during ambulation and is subject to acute inflammation or tears sometimes related to relatively trivial trauma. Ultrasound and MRI can establish the diagnosis of tendinopathy and assess the presence of tears. Partial or complete rupture can be assessed. Dynamic ultrasound can also assess the tendon gap in complete rupture.
Comparison between radial and focused types of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy in plantar calcaneal spur: A randomized sham-controlled trial
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Volkan Şah, Şeyhmus Kaplan, Sezai Özkan, Cihan Adanaş, Murat Toprak
Plantar calcaneal spur (PCS), an abnormal bony outgrowth arising from the calcaneal tuberosity, is a common disorder associated with heel pain [1,2]. Its prevalence in the young to middle-aged subjects varies between 11% and 21% across various ethnicities, but increases significantly with aging and in the presence of heel pain and osteoarthritis, up to 55–81% [1]. In addition, obesity, degraded foot biomechanics such as pes planus and foot pronation, repetitive trauma and sport activities, degenerative processes, and inflammatory disorders are risk factors for PCS formation [1,2]. Although there is no standard therapy for PCS, non-surgical treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, local injection of corticosteroids, extracorporeal shock waves, heel pads, stretching exercises, and physical therapy are usually applied. Considering that old and obesity rates will be even higher in the future, PCS also may be a bigger problem.
Immediate and short-term effects of kinesiotaping and lower extremity stretching on pain and disability in individuals with plantar fasciitis: a pilot randomized, controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Sulithep Pinrattana, Rotsalai Kanlayanaphotporn, Praneet Pensri
The current study demonstrated that the intensity of heel pain decreased in both the immediate and short-term periods in all treatment groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examined the immediate effect of kinesiotaping in the treatment of individuals with PF. The immediate effect of kinesiotaping on pain reduction was greater than that of the other two interventions. This may be explained by the fact that heel pain is related to tissue inflammation. Kinesiotaping may have facilitated the healing process and relieved tissue inflammation, while stretching promoted tissue elongation, thereby over-stressing the healing tissue. Stimulating mechanoreceptors, promoting lymphatic circulation, and supporting the arch of the foot could be the appropriate approach to deal with inflammation (Tsai, Chang, and Lee, 2010). However, the ameliorative effect of kinesiotaping on pain reduced over 1 week. This might be due to a decrease in tissue inflammation or a decline in the quality of the tape. The short-term effects seen in the current study were consistent with the study by Yamsri et al. (2013) which reported pain reduction after a 2-week treatment period.
A finite element analysis study based on valgus impacted femoral neck fracture under diverse stances
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Haowei Zhang, Xinsheng Xu, Shenghui Wu, Ying Liu, Jiong Mei
The finite element analysis results of the gait are shown in Figure 8. The stress distribution of the femur is a continuous change during the whole gait. The results show that the peak stress appears in the middle of the femoral shaft and the distal ends of the femur (Jeon and Kim 2011; Zou et al. 2013). The stress from heel strike to heel off is generally lower than the stress from toe off to deceleration, which is consistent with Bai and Shang (2010) found that the stress from heel strike to heel off without fracture is commonly higher. In the presence of gravity, the peak stress appears in the middle of the femoral shaft during the toe off, which is 243.885 MPa, while Bai and Shang (2010) found that the peak stress occurs during the heel strike. The femoral head is under tensile stress and the distal femur is under compressive stress from heel strike to heel off, and the femoral head is under compressive stress from toe off to deceleration, while the distal femur is under tensile stress (Shi et al. 2010; Han 2011).