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Natural Products as Economical Agents for Antioxidant Activity
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Nida Nazar, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Poonam Singh Nigam
Hence, these bioactive molecules represent vast untapped source for medicines and other healthcare products. In recent years, various natural sources (herbs, fruits, and vegetables) have gained interest for the production of antioxidants and the manufacturing of antioxidants supplements. This concern is mainly rising due to consumption of synthetic antioxidant compounds such as butylates hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), which have proven toxic for pharmaceutical industry, food industry, and human health. Moreover, due to their enormous therapeutic potential, various plants have been investigated and studied by many researchers.2,54,58,70,71,74
The Two-Step Concept of Intestinal Carcinogenesis
Published in Herman Autrup, Gary M. Williams, Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis, 2019
Norman D. Nigro, Arthur W. Bull
Rat liver is one of the organ systems in which multistage tumorigenesis has been described. Studies by Peraino have shown that phenobarbital given orally is a tumor promoter in rats initiated with 2-acetylaminofluorene.8 The enhancing effect is dependent on the length of time phenobarbital is fed. There are two other systems in which carcinogenesis has been enhanced by exposure to chemicals after treatment of the animal with an initiating agent. Intraperitoneal injections of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were shown to increase cell proliferation and lung adenomas in mice previously treated with urethane.9 Saccharin and dl-tryptophan have been shown to increase bladder tumors in both dogs and rats, when given after the carcinogen.10 The remainder of this report will deal with the phenomenon of initiation and promotion as it applies to the intestinal tract.
Selected Botanicals and Plant Products That Lower Blood Glucose (Continued)
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Antioxidant activity of the compounds was determined by a DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the results showed that 2-(2-hydroxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl) phenoxy)benzoic acid, kaempferol, isolariciresinol, butylated hydroxytoluene, and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoate exhibited good antioxidant activities. An interesting finding was that butylated hydroxytoluene, generally understood to be a synthetic antioxidant used as a food preservative, was detected as a natural antioxidant in this analysis. The novel compound exhibited no inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase activities (Jiang, Lin, Wen et al. 2013).
Mycotoxicosis – diagnosis, prevention and control: past practices and future perspectives
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Use of antioxidants: Food grade antioxidants have fungicidal and fungistatic activities. There are different antioxidants which have such activities like butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propylparaben (PP), l-carnitine, silymarin, water-soluble vitamins, cyaniding, licorice, lycopenes, catechins, and so on. Cyanidin is an important component of human diet and abundantly found in beans, vegetables, red wine, and fruits while licorice is a plant extract collected after drying the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae). Lycopene is a most prevalent carotenoid present abundantly in tomatoes and catechins are the phenolic compounds present in chocolate, green tea leaves, and some other plants. Certain vitamins also have antioxidant properties; for example, vitamin A causes decrease in genotoxicity by its antioxidant properties while vitamin E by scavenging of lipid hydroperoxyl radicals. Table 3 shows the beneficial effects of different antioxidants against different mycotoxins.
Oxidative and nitrative stress-related changes in human lens epithelial cells following exposure to X-rays
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Simran Bahia, Erica Blais, Sangeeta Murugkar, Vinita Chauhan, Premkumari Kumarathasan
Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, calcium and magnesium free), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DETPA), octanesulfonic acid sodium salt (OSA), standards of p-tyrosine, m-tyrosine, o-tyrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and molecular weight cut-off filters (5 kDa) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Reagent-grade acetone was purchased from commercial suppliers. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was purchased from United States Biochemical Corporation (Cleveland, OH, USA). Deionized water was obtained from a super-Q plus high purity water system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). UHP-grade compressed nitrogen was supplied by Matheson Gas products (Whitby, ON, Canada). Amber glass vials and screw caps with septa were purchased from Chromatographic specialties Inc. (Brockville, ON, Canada). Antiprotease (Halt protease inhibitor) cocktail was obtained from ThermoFisher (Ottawa, ON, Canada). Multiplex kits were purchased from either Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA) or BioRad (Mississauga, ON, Canada).
Assessing the effect of Mentha longifolia essential oils on COX-2 expression in animal model of sepsis induced by caecal ligation and puncture
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Abolfazl Dadkhah, Faezeh Fatemi, Azadeh Rasooli, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Malayeri, Fatemeh Torabi
The antioxidant activity of essential oils was determined using the β-carotene bleaching test (Taga et al. 1984). Approximately, 10 mg of β-carotene (type I synthetic) was dissolved in 10 mL of chloroform, and then, 0.2 mL of this solution was added to a boiling flask containing 20 mg linoleic acid and 200 mg Tween 40. Chloroform was removed using a rotary evaporator at 40 °C for 10 min. Then, 50 mL of distilled water saturated with oxygen was added slowly with vigorous agitation to form an emulsion. The emulsion (5 mL) was added to a tube containing 0.2 mL of essential oil solution prepared according to Choi et al. (2000). The absorbance was immediately measured at 470 nm against a blank consisting of an emulsion without β-carotene. The tubes were placed in a water bath at 50 °C and emulsion oxidation was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring absorbance at 470 nm over a 60 min period. Samples containing 0.2 mL of ethanol instead of essential oils were also monitored and used as a control. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; 1 mM in ethanol), a stable antioxidant, was used as the reference. The antioxidant activity was expressed as inhibition percentage with reference to the control sample after 60 min of incubation, using the following equation: