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Natural Products as Economical Agents for Antioxidant Activity
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Nida Nazar, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Poonam Singh Nigam
In recent era in the development of new drugs, natural substances are under observations and seeking great attention in many developing countries for replacement of synthetic compounds. For example, butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA) are being commonly used as synthetic antioxidants but the toxicity concerns about these antioxidants have limited their uses.76 Therefore in recent years, plant-based natural antioxidants are broadly active due to health concerns.150 It has been found that the use of natural antioxidants have lower risk of specific diseases such as stroke, heart diseases, and cancer due to their active in increasing the plasma antioxidant capacity.24
Metabolism of Chemical Carcinogens by Intestinal Tissue
Published in Herman Autrup, Gary M. Williams, Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis, 2019
Limited information exists on reactions catalyzed by epoxide hydrolase, sulfo- and glutathione transferases. Besides phenol, several steroids were sulfate conjugated in adult and fetal human intestine.76,93 Furthermore, naphthol has recently been shown to preferentially undergo sulfate conjugation in human colonic expiant cultures.94 In contrast, colonic tumor tissue conjugated naphthol mostly by glucuronidation.94 Conjugation reactions seem to be less sensitive to variation in diet and to inducing agents than the oxidative reactions. Fasting and feeding of cholesterol had only minor effect on small intestinal UDPGT activity.95–97 In contrast, feeding fat-free or low protein diets96,97 and oral treatment with MC doubled the UDPGT activity in rat duodenal homogenate.98 Glutathione transferase activity in the small intestine increased approximately 50% after treatment with phenobarbital, BP, or MC. Inclusion in the diet of butylated hydroxyanisole, an antioxidant used as a food preservative, increased glutathione transferase and epoxide hydrolase activity between two- to sixfold in rats and mice.100
Chemical Leukoderma (Depigmentation)
Published in Francis N. Marzulli, Howard I. Maibach, Dermatotoxicology Methods: The Laboratory Worker’s Vade Mecum, 2019
Howard I. Maibach, Jorge R. Toro, Gerald A. Gellin, Leslie P. McCarty
Similarly, Gellin et al. (1979) reported on 23 different compounds in black guinea pigs and black mice. They found strong depigmentation with HA, TBC, TAP, and MEBH. Moderate depigmentation was noted with hydroquinone (HQ), TBP, phenol, and catechol. They failed to find depigmenting properties when testing butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), BHT, octyl and propyl gal-late, ethoxquin gum guaiac, diethylamine, hydrochloride, dilaurylthiodiproprionate, nonylphe-nol, o-phenylphenol, p-phenylphenol, octylphenol, nordihydroguaiarctic acid, and tocopherol.
The protective effect of butylated hydroxytoluene and 3-hydroxytyrosol on food allergy in mice
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Yining Jin, Kimberly E. Guzmán, Allison P. Boss, Venugopal Gangur, Cheryl E. Rockwell
Because previous studies suggest that dietary antioxidants can impact the development of food allergy, we designed a study to compare the effect of natural vs. synthetic antioxidants on the allergic response to ovalbumin [13,14]. Although there are considerable studies suggesting that foods rich in antioxidants such as vegetables and fruits can reduce the risk of numerous diseases, there is concern that there may be correlation between excessive antioxidant intake and asthma, and other allergic disorders [13,15–22]. Clinical cases have reported that exposure to the food additive, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), results in the development of chronic urticaria in patients [23,24]. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that preservatives such as ascorbic acid, resveratrol, and α-tocopherol suppressed Th1-type immune response in mitogen-stimulated human PBMC, suggesting they may shift the balance between type I and type II responses [25,26]. Considering the literature suggests both protective and potential causative or contributing effects of dietary antioxidants in allergy, the current studies were designed to elucidate the effects of low concentrations of 3-HT and BHT on the development of food allergy in mice.
Lippia graveolens HBK oleoresins, extracted by supercritical fluids, showed bactericidal activity against multidrug resistance Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Oscar de Jesús Calva-Cruz, Nallely S. Badillo-Larios, Antonio De León-Rodríguez, Eduardo Espitia-Rangel, Raúl González-García, Edgar Alejandro Turrubiartes-Martinez, Arnulfo Castro-Gallardo, Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa
Eucalyptol, terpino-4-ol, p-cyme-8-ol, anisole, hydroxyquinone, 3-ter-butylated hydroxyanisole, β-bisabolene, were detected in two samples (Table 5). β-bisabolene is a sesquiterpene that showed selective cytotoxic activity for mouse and human breast cancer cells [63]. Eucalyptol, a terpenoid oxide, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various diseases, including respiratory, pancreatitis, colon damage, and neurodegenerative diseases [58]. The synergic of eucalyptol and terpine-4-ol, have shown to have a stronger antimicrobial effect [59]. P-tert butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-ter-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and is used as food additive. BHA is also used in medicines, such as isotretinoin, lovastatin, and simvastatin [64].
Jaboticaba (Plinia peruviana) extract nanoemulsions: development, stability, and in vitro antioxidant activity
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Letícia Mazzarino, Heloísa da Silva Pitz, Ana Paula Lorenzen Voytena, Adriana Carla Dias Trevisan, Rosa Maria Ribeiro-Do-Valle, Marcelo Maraschin
The development of new products with antioxidant properties has attracted increasing interest in the pharmaceutical field. Antioxidants are molecules that can interact with free radicals and stop the chain reaction before the cellular damage [1–3]. They offer resistance to oxidative stress mainly due to their free radical scavenging properties and thus prevent the progression of diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, besides to reduce the incidence of others disorders. However, currently the most commonly used synthetic antioxidant agents (e.g. butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole) have been associated to harmful effects to human health. Therefore, the search for effective and non-toxic antioxidants of natural origin is highly desirable [4,5].